Table 2 Results of (a) the MANOVA of the five phenotypic traits: mass, head width, wing pad, growth rate based on head width (GRH) and growth rate based on mass (GRM) and (b) the permutational analysis of variance (PERMANOVA) of gene expression, testing for the effect of latitude, wintering and the interaction latitude × wintering.

From: Effects of overwintering on the transcriptome and fitness traits in a damselfly with variable voltinism across two latitudes

a. Phenotype

DF num/den

Approx. F

p

Latitude

5/111

37.4

 < 0.001 ***

Wintering

5/111

279

 < 0.001 ***

Latitude × wintering

5/111

2.14

0.066

b. Gene expression

R2

F

p

Latitude

0.04

1.98

0.059

Wintering

0.05

2.70

0.015 *

Latitude × wintering

0.02

1.18

0.291

  1. Table shows for (a) numerator and denominator degree of freedom (DF num/den), approximation of F-value (approx. F) and p-value, and for (b) percentage of variance explained (R2), F value and p-value. Significance is indicated in bold: *** p < 0.001, * p < 0.05.
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