Figure 2

(a) Model vertical cross-sections of salinity (color) on 20 April 2016. (b) Observed vertical cross-section of salinity (color) during April 20–27, 2016 by the glider survey of Wagawa et al.^23,26. Contours show potential density (kg m⁻³). Model the upper-layer salinity at a depth of 40 m (thick white contours: salinity of 34.0) (c), SLA (d). IDL 9.0 (https://www.nv5geospatialsoftware.com/Products/IDL) is used in generating the bathymetry based on the 1-km JTOPO30 data set provided by the Marine Information Research Center of the Japan Hydrographic Association (www.mirc.jha.or.jp/products/JTOPO30v2/).