Figure 8

Mean time to pupation of plant-based artificial diet experiments for caterpillars on (a) Artificial diet control, non-BMR, BMR (b) Artificial diet control, seed-treated, no seed treatment (c) 10-day old plants, 25-day old plants, and 60-day old plants. Each error bar is constructed using 1 standard error from the mean, different letters above the bars indicate significant differences among time to pupation between BMR treatments, seed treatments, and plant age determined by post hoc analyses using Tukey’s Test (P < 0.05).