Table 3 Group differences after protein supplement in cognitive and physical function.

From: Effects of protein-enriched nutritional support on skeletal muscle mass and rehabilitative outcomes in brain tumor patients: a randomized controlled trial

 

All (n = 44)

Protein (n = 20)

Control (n = 24)

Initial

Follow-up

Initial

Follow-up

Initial

Follow-up

MMSE

20.0 ± 9.9

22.8 ± 8.6††

20.6 ± 9.2

22.5 ± 8.9††

19.0 ± 10.5

23.0 ± 8.5††

BDI

15.4 ± 11.0

13.0 ± 9.8

13.6 ± 10.2

12.9 ± 9.2

15.7 ± 10.7

13.0 ± 10.5

BFI

4.0 ± 2.3

3.9 ± 1.9

3.8 ± 2.3

4.0 ± 2.1

4.2 ± 2.2

3.8 ± 1.8

BBS

20.1 ± 16.5

33.1 ± 17.1††

19.5 ± 15.8

34.5 ± 17.6††

20.6 ± 17.4

31.9 ± 16.9††

MBI

42.7 ± 26.9

59.9 ± 30.1††

45.5 ± 25.9

62.9 ± 26.7††

40.5 ± 28.0

57.5 ± 33.1††

6MWT (m)a

67.0 ± 117.1

124.0 ± 151.6††

69.4 ± 135.3

122.0 ± 150.9††

65.1 ± 102.5

125.7 ± 155.4

10MWT (s)

16.4 ± 9.6

15.5 ± 9.4

15.9 ± 13.6

15.2 ± 14.0

18.2 ± 4.8

16.5 ± 13.5

TUG (s)

21.0 ± 10.1

18.9 ± 12.1

18.0 ± 11.6

20.9 ± 14.8

24.4 ± 8.9

17.2 ± 9.6

Grip power (kg)

15.6 ± 9.4

17.1 ± 9.0††

16.8 ± 10.5

18.1 ± 10.4††

14.5 ± 8.4

16.3 ± 7.8††

Pinch power (kg)

9.1 ± 4.3

10.7 ± 4.7††

9.0 ± 4.7

12.0 ± 4.6††

8.5 ± 4.1

9.8 ± 4.5

Quad torque 60°(Nm)*

22.0 ± 14.8

37.3 ± 26.0††

27.9 ± 15.9

42.1 ± 30.2††

17.2 ± 12.2

33.3 ± 21.7††

Quad torque 120°(Nm)*

15.5 ± 10.1

28.1 ± 21.5††

19.0 ± 9.8

31.8 ± 26.1††

12.6 ± 9.5

24.9 ± 16.8††

  1. Values are mean ± standard deviation.
  2. *P < 0.05, T-test between protein and control groups for the initial assessment.
  3. †P < 0.05, ††P < 0.01, Paired t-test between initial and follow-up assessments.
  4. aWilcoxon sign test for not satisfying Kolmogorov–Smirnov test.
  5. MMSE Mini Mental Status Examination, BBS Berg Balance Scale, MBI modified Barthel Index, BFI Brief Fatigue Inventory, BDI Beck Depression Inventory, 6MWT 6-Minute Walk Test, 10MWT 10-Meter Walk Test, TUG Timed Up and Go, Quad torque 60° and 120° quadriceps muscle peak torque at 60° and 120°.
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