Table 3 GND ATCO—quantitative data collected during the experiments are shown as average values along with standard deviations (in brackets).

From: Virtual/augmented reality-based human–machine interface and interaction modes in airport control towers

GND ATCO

Total time mean (SD) (s)

Head-up time mean (SD) (s)

Head-down time mean (SD) (s)

No. of switches mean (SD)

No. vocal communications (SD)

TL

Ref

2356 (93)

927.2 (292)

1428.8 (243)

545 (122)

 

Sol

2352.4 (106)

1940.6 (186)

411.8 (231)

308.4 (169)

 

AG

Ref

818 (21)

350.6 (79)

467.4 (89)

187 (34)

15.6 (1.74)

Sol

819 (22)

686.6 (62)

132.4 (67)

73.2 (28)

6.6 (1.36)

SN

Ref

1695.8 (12)

804 (191)

891.8 (184)

365.8 (67)

 

Sol

1717.6 (36)

1300.2 (88)

417.4 (110)

272.2 (81)

 
  1. Each solution exercise was repeated by five different participants. The first column reports the total time needed to carry out the exercise, the second and third report the share of time in head-up or head-down position respectively. The fourth column shows the number of switches and the fifth column indicates the number of vocal communication in the exercise regarding the Air Gestures implementation.
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