Table 4 RWY ATCO—quantitative data collected during the experiments are shown as average values along with standard deviations (in brackets).

From: Virtual/augmented reality-based human–machine interface and interaction modes in airport control towers

RWY ATCO

Total time mean (SD) (s)

Head-up time mean (SD) (s)

Head-down time mean (SD) (s)

No. of switches mean (SD)

Time to react to safety event (SD) (s)

TL

Reference

2356.4 (93)

1007.2 (143)

1349.2 (203)

523.2 (138)

 

Solution

2349.4 (108)

1744.2 (182)

605.2 (270)

331.4 (135)

 

AG

Reference

818 (22)

393.2 (56)

424.8 (47)

198 (41)

 

Solution

821 (23)

676 (117)

145 (104)

108.8 (60)

 

SN

Reference

1694 (17)

809.2 (176)

884.8 (189)

338 (60)

14 (1.50)

Solution

1721 (32)

1269.4 (273)

451.6 (271)

238.8 (85)

9 (2.10)

  1. Each solution exercise was repeated by five different participants. The first column reports the total time needed to carry out the exercise, the second and third report the share of time in head-up or head-down position respectively. The fourth column shows the number of switches and the fifth column indicates the time to react to the safety event in the exercise regarding the Safety Net implementation.
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