Figure 2

Volcano plots and Venn diagrams of differentially expressed proteins. (A–C) Volcano plots of differentially expressed proteins between the FNF (Group A), sclerosis (Group B), and FHN groups (Group C). The x-axis represents log2(FC), with larger values indicating greater differences. The right side represents upregulation, and the left side represents downregulation. The y-axis represents –log10(p-value), with larger values indicating greater differences. Blue points represent downregulated differentially expressed proteins, red points represent upregulated differentially expressed proteins, and gray points represent non-significant differentially expressed proteins. (D) Venn diagram of the three groups. Venn analysis was performed to assess the characteristics and commonalities of differentially expressed proteins among the groups, facilitating subsequent experimental design and selection of research directions. Different colors represent different groups, and the numbers in the figure represent the number of protein intersections and the number of proteins unique to each group.