Table 2 Characteristics of the 1,381 patients with acute kidney injury requiring dialysis categorized by renal recovery.
All (N = 1,381) | Recovery (N = 378) | Nonrecovery (N = 1,003) | p value* | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
Basic characteristics | ||||
Age, years | 68.0 (58.0–79.0) | 66.0(52.0–79.0) | 69.0(59.0–79.0) | < 0.01 |
Male | 855 (61.9%) | 236 (62.4%) | 619 (61.7%) | 0.81 |
BMI, kg/m2 | 24.5 (21.4–28.0) | 24.3 (21.1–27.4) | 24.6 (21.6–28.1) | 0.69 |
Comorbidities at admission | ||||
Charlson comorbidity index | 3 (2–5) | 2 (1–4) | 4 (2–6) | < 0.01 |
Renal disease | 773 (56.0%) | 170 (45.0%) | 603 (60.1%) | < 0.01 |
Any malignancy | 419 (30.1%) | 79 (20.6%) | 340 (33.6%) | < 0.01 |
Diabetes | 570 (41.3%) | 147 (38.9%) | 423 (42.2%) | 0.27 |
Congestive heart failure | 360 (26.1%) | 84 (22.2%) | 276 (27.5%) | 0.05 |
Coronary artery disease | 269 (19.5%) | 69 (18.3%) | 200 (19.9%) | 0.48 |
Hypertension | 494 (35.8%) | 117 (31%) | 377 (37.6%) | 0.02 |
Admission characteristics | ||||
Medical ICU | 993 (71.9%) | 271 (71.7%) | 722 (72.0%) | 0.91 |
Emergent or scheduled surgery | 177 (12.8%) | 62 (16.4%) | 115 (11.5%) | 0.01 |
APACHE-II score | 29 (24–33) | 28.5 (22–32) | 30 (24–34) | < 0.01 |
SOFA | 11 (8–13) | 10 (7–13) | 11 (8–13) | < 0.01 |
Use of ventilator | 1234 (89.4%) | 329 (87.0%) | 905 (90.2%) | 0.09 |
Use of vasopressor | 1060 (76.8%) | 278 (73.5%) | 782 (78.0%) | 0.08 |
Vital signs | ||||
Systolic BP (mmHg) | 118.7 (103.0–138.0) | 126.3 (110.8–141.7) | 116.3 (99.3–135.2) | < 0.01 |
Diastolic BP (mmHg) | 64.3 (54.3–75.0) | 69.7 (59.7–79.0) | 63.0 (52.2–73.3) | < 0.01 |
Pulse pressure (mmHg) | 53.0 (40.0–67.7) | 56.0 (42.7–69.9) | 52.0 (38.7–66.8) | < 0.01 |
Oximetry (%) | 97.7 (95.3–99.3) | 98.7 (96.8–99.7) | 97.3 (94.7–99.3) | < 0.01 |
Respiiratory rate | 18.7 (16.0–22.7) | 18.0 (16.0–20.3) | 19.0 (16.0–23.7) | < 0.01 |
Pulse rate | 86.7 (74.7–100.7) | 86.2 (73.5–97.9) | 87.3 (74.7–101.7) | 0.28 |
Body temperature (℃) | 36.3 (35.9–36.7) | 36.4 (36.2–36.8) | 36.3 (35.8–36.6) | < 0.01 |
Laboratory values | ||||
WBC (103/μL) | 11.0 (7.5–16.6) | 11.6 (7.9–15.8) | 10.6 (7.4–16.9) | 0.62 |
BUN (mg/dL) | 56.0 (32.0–85.0) | 51.5 (32.0–80.0) | 58.0 (32.0–88.0) | 0.04 |
Creatinine (mg/dL) | 3.3 (1.9–5.1) | 2.9 (1.6–4.6) | 3.5 (2–5.4) | < 0.01 |
Lactate (mg/dL) | 13.3 (8.3–25.1) | 11.8 (8.3–17.8) | 14.6 (8.3–32.4) | < 0.01 |
PHA | 7.4 (7.4–7.4) | 7.4 (7.4–7.5) | 7.4 (7.3–7.4) | < 0.01 |
Patients status at dialysis initiation | ||||
Days from ICU admission to dialysis (day) | 1.4 (0.4–4.2) | 1.1 (0.3–3.4) | 1.6 (0.5–4.7) | < 0.01 |
AKI defined based by Cr (Label_Cr) | 1107 (80.2%) | 302 (79.9%) | 805(80.3%) | 0.88 |
AKI defined based by urine (Label_Ur) | 1143 (82.8%) | 272 (72.0%) | 871 (86.8%) | < 0.01 |
Fluid balance since ICU admission (L) | 4.9 (1.2–14.4) | 4.4 (1.0–12.4) | 5.2 (1.4–15.4) | 0.06 |
CRRT | 236 (17.1%) | 58 (15.4%) | 178 (17.8%) | 0.29 |
Contributing factors of AKI | ||||
Contrast medium | 443 (32.1%) | 128 (33.9%) | 315 (31.4%) | 0.38 |
Post-operative AKI | 228 (16.5%) | 75 (19.8%) | 153 (15.3%) | 0.04 |
Sepsis or septic shock | 720 (52.1%) | 198 (52.4%) | 522 (52.0%) | 0.91 |
Major bleeding/hypoperfusion | 364 (26.4%) | 97 (25.7%) | 267 (26.6%) | 0.72 |
Outcomes | ||||
ICU stay, days | 12.7 (6.1–23.1) | 14.7 (7.8–26.0) | 12.0 (5.6–22.2) | < 0.01 |
Hospital stay, days | 25.0 (13.8–32.8) | 30.5 (20.1–35.0) | 22.6 (12.0–31.8) | < 0.01 |
90-day mortality | 794 (57.5%) | 50 (13.2%) | 744 (74.2%) | < 0.01 |
1-year mortality | 911 (66.0%) | 113 (29.9%) | 798 (79.6%) | < 0.01 |
