Table 1 General characteristics of the study population according to fracture.

General information

 Age (years; mean ± SD)

74 ± 8.449

73.65 ± 8.442

75.56 ± 8.306

< 0.001

 BMI (mean ± SD)

22.91 ± 3.63

22.94 ± 3.58

22.78 ± 3.83

0.116

 Comorbidity

Yes

6899(74.9%)

5575 (73.8%)

1324 (79.7%)

No

2313(25.1%)

1976 (26.2%)

337 (20.3%)

 < 0.001

 Surgical history

Yes

2957 (32.1%)

1873 (24.8%)

1084 (65.3%)

No

6255 (67.9%)

5678 (75.2%)

577 (34.7%)

 < 0.001

 Trauma history

Yes

1129 (12.3%)

447 (5.9%)

682 (41.1%)

No

8083 (87.7%)

7104 (94.1%)

979 (58.9%)

 < 0.001

 Family history

Yes

274 (3.0%)

201 (2.7%)

73 (4.4%)

No

8938 (97.0%)

7350 (97.3%)

1588 (95.6%)

 < 0.001

 Smoking history

Yes

115 (1.2%)

94 (1.2%)

21 (1.3%)

Quit smoking

51 (0.6%)

40 (0.5%)

11 (0.7%)

Never

9046 (98.2%)

7417 (98.3%)

1629 (98.0%)

0.803

 Drinking history

Yes

82 (0.9%)

61 (0.8%)

21 (1.3%)

Quit drinking

40 (0.4%)

27 (0.4%)

13 (0.8%)

Never

9090 (98.7%)

7463 (98.8%)

1627 (98.0%)

0.011

 Occupation

Unemployed

4196 (45.5%)

3868 (51.2%)

747 (45.0%)

Employed

5016 (54.5%)

3683 (48.8%)

914 (55.0%)

 < 0.001

 Education

Secondary school or below

7769 (84.3%)

6411 (84.9%)

1358 (81.8%)

High school

1028 (11.2%)

820 (10.9%)

208 (12.5%)

College and above

415 (4.5%)

320 (4.2%)

95 (5.7%)

0.003

 Marital status

Married or partnered

7816 (84.8%)

6487 (85.9%)

1329 (80.0%)

Never married

31 (0.3%)

25 (0.3%)

6 (0.4%)

Divorced or widowed

1365 (14.9%)

1039 (13.8%)

326 (19.6%)

< 0.001

 Number of children

0

60 (0.7%)

50 (0.6%)

10 (0.6%)

1

1771 (19.2%)

1495 (19.8%)

276 (16.6%)

2

3618 (39.3%)

3017 (40.0%)

601 (36.2%)

≥ 3

3763 (40.8%)

2989 (39.6%)

774 (46.6%)

 < 0.001

 Family income (thousand yuan/year)

< 10

5985 (65.0%)

4892 (64.8%)

1093 (65.8%)

10–20

2347 (25.5%)

1956 (25.9%)

391 (23.6%)

20–30

556 (6.0%)

446 (5.9%)

110 (6.6%)

 > 30

324 (3.5%)

257 (3.4%)

67 (4.0%)

0.117

Characteristics of index fracture

 Fracture site

Vertebral

4186 (45.5%)

3299 (43.7%)

887 (53.4%)

Hip

3393 (36.8%)

2803 (37.1%)

590 (35.5%)

Other

1633 (17.7%)

1449 (19.2%)

184 (11.1%)

 < 0.001

 Cause of fracture

Fall

6346 (68.9%)

5263 (69.7%)

1083 (65.2%)

Slight strike

780 (8.5%)

691 (9.2%)

89 (5.4%)

Strain

1332 (14.4%)

1050 (13.9%)

282 (17.0%)

No inducement

329 (3.6%)

245 (3.2%)

84 (5.1%)

Other

425 (4.6%)

302 (4.0%)

123 (7.4%)

 < 0.001

Prevention information after index fracture

 BMD T-score

 ≤ −2.5

3362 (36.5%)

2539 (33.6%)

823 (49.5%)

 > −2.5

1957 (21.2%)

1702 (22.5%)

255 (15.4%)

Unknown

3893 (42.3%)

3310 (43.8%)

583 (35.1%)

 < 0.001

 Fall risk assessment

Not evaluated

5764 (62.6%)

4814 (63.8%)

950 (57.2%)

Low risk

641 (7.0%)

562 (7.4%)

79 (4.8%)

Moderate risk

759 (8.2%)

604 (8.0%)

155 (9.3%)

High risk

2048 (22.2%)

1571 (20.8%)

1469 (88.4%)

 < 0.001

 Fracture risk assessment

Not evaluated

8613 (93.5%)

7138 (94.5%)

1475 (88.8%)

Low risk

39 (0.4%)

34 (0.5%)

5 (0.3%)

Moderate risk

93 (1.0%)

77 (1.0%)

16 (1.0%)

High risk

467 (5.1%)

302 (4.0%)

165 (9.9%)

 < 0.001

 Walking aids

No

3995 (43.4%)

3337 (44.2%)

658 (39.6%)

Yes

5217 (56.6%)

4214 (55.8%)

1003 (60.4%)

0.001

 Use of AOM

No

4822 (52.3%)

3835 (50.8%)

987 (59.4%)

Yes

4390 (47.7%)

3716 (49.2%)

674 (40.6%)

 < 0.001

 Use of calcium or vitamin D

No

6555 (71.2%)

5266 (69.7%)

1289 (77.6%)

Yes

2657 (28.8%)

2285 (30.3%)

372 (22.4%)

 < 0.001

 Fall prevention health education

No

724 (7.9%)

572 (7.6%)

152 (9.2%)

Yes

8488 (92.1%)

6979 (92.4%)

1509 (90.8%)

0.031