Table 3 Codes of the causes of aircraft incidents.

Human Layer

Crew H₀₁, Controller H₀₂, Duty manager H₀₃, Improper energy allocation H₀₄, Mishearing H₀₅, Failure to rectify incorrect recitation H₀₆, Lack of preparation for unlandable situations H₀₇, Shift in work focus H₀₈, Lack of conflict judgement H₀₉, Poor conflict resolution ability H₁₀, Inadequate monitoring H_11, Occurrence of luck mentality H₁₂, Failure to detect flight conflicts in advance H₁₃, Scattered work style H₁₄, Weak safety awareness H₁₅, Unauthorized departure during duty H₁₆, Cumulative risk of personnel fatigue H₁₇, Violation of operational manual regulations H₁₈, Some regulations were orally requested but not included in the manual H₁₉, Weak team cooperation awareness H₂₀, Inadequate risk assessment H₂₁, Insufficiently stringent work procedures H₂₂, Inadequate risk identification H₂₃, Inadequate ability to manage complex situations H₂₄, Plans did not fully consider the interference caused by sudden situations H₂₅, Occurrence of inertia thinking H₂₆, Delayed issuance of landing permits H₂₇, Inadequate radar monitoring H₂₈, Insensitivity to alarms H₂₉, Inadequate onsite management duties H₃₀, Failure to conduct radar identification as required for aircraft H₃₁, Insufficient understanding of "highlight display" and "conflict line" significance H₃₂, Inadequate recognition of key risks in hotspots H₃₃, Poor work status H₃₄, Inadequate emergency management H₃₅, Inconsistent situational awareness H₃₆, Inadequate mastery of specific content during flight training H₃₇, Failure to request ascent height in time H₃₈, Inadaptability to new work procedures H₃₉, Inadequate technical prevention measures H₄₀, Weak risk awareness H₄₁, Excessive delegation of authority H₄₂, Inadequate estimation of weather impacts H₄₃, Unclear basic concepts H₄₄, Inadequate coping ability H₄₅, Inaccurate language in voice clearance communications H₄₆, Failure to comply with instructions H₄₇, Intercepting incorrect flight paths H₄₈, Inadequate attention to airborne situations H₄₉

Management Layer

Inadequate rigorous risk control measures M₀₁, Insufficiently detailed conflict resolution training M₀₂, Some individuals adopt a sense of luck regarding information reporting M₀₃, Insufficient safety management M₀₄, Lack of effective supervision and evaluation mechanisms M₀₅, Inadequate onsite management precision M₀₆, Inadequate grasp of ideological dynamics in a timely manner M₀₇, Insufficient differentiated training M₀₈, Ineffective communication between relevant units M₀₉, Ineffective work style of management personnel M₁₀, Inadequate analysis and research of risks M₁₁, Inadequate daily education of controllers M₁₂, Inadequate implementation of responsibilities M₁₃, Inadequate manual promotion M₁₄, Inconsistent understanding of important regulations M₁₅, Lack of strict daily supervision M₁₆, Inadequate depth in case analysis M₁₇, Inadequate safety pressure transmission M₁₈, Failure to maintain relevant data as per agreement M₁₉, Inadequate training M₂₀, Inadequate regulations M₂₁, Inadequate combination M₂₂, Existing loopholes in implementing relevant requirements M₂₃, Lack of rigorous work processes M₂₄, Inadequate personnel qualification management M₂₅, Inadequate management of team resources M₂₆

Equipment Layer

Existing technical prevention measures failed to control risks E₀₁, Meteorological radar equipment did not respond to airborne weather conditions in real time E₀₂, Lack of alarm prompts when the automated system encounters abnormalities E₀₃, Lack of equipment support E₀₄, Difference between permission heights displayed in standby and primary systems E₀₅, Occurrence of equipment failure during primary and secondary automated system switching E₀₆, Sudden malfunction of instrument landing system equipment E₀₇

Environment Layer

Noisy operational environment S₀₁, Delay in specific transfer of flight information from the previous control unit S₀₂, Momentary busy period of the tower control channel S₀₃, Nonstop flight construction S₀₄, Low-level flight volume leading to relaxation S₀₅, Scattered thunderstorm weather conditions S₀₆, Presence of air force activities S₀₇, Sudden isolated thunderstorm weather conditions S₀₈

Event Type

General unsafe event A₀₁, General incident A₀₂, Serious incident A₀₃