Table 1 Data sources used for two-sample Mendelian randomization (MR) analyses.

From: Associations of genetically predicted vitamin D status and deficiency with the risk of carotid artery plaque: a Mendelian randomization study

Trait

IEU GWAS database ID (IGD)

Sample size

Year

Author

PMID

Vitamin D levels

ebi-a-GCST005367

79,366

2018

Jiang et al.

29343764

Serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D levels

ebi-a-GCST90000618

417,580

2020

Revez et al.

32242144

25 Hydroxyvitamin D level

ieu-b-4812

441,291

2020

Manousaki et al.

32059762

Vitamin D deficiency

finn-b-E4_VIT_D_DEF

209,789

2021

FinnGen consortium

NA

Carotid artery plaque

NA

48,434

2018

Franceschini et al.

30510157

Coronary artery calcification

ebi-a-GCST90278456

26,909

2023

Kavousi M. et al.

37770635

Carotid intima-media thickness

NA

48,434

2018

Franceschini et al.

30510157

  1. IEU Integrative Epidemiology Unit.