Figure 2

(a) Foam production process schematic. (b) Batch foaming apparatus: \(\textcircled {1}\) to vacuum pump; \(\textcircled {2}\) to gas cylinder; \(\textcircled {3}\) pressure transducer output, to the data acquisition system; \(\textcircled {4}\) Pt100 for measurement and control of temperature, to the data acquisition system and PID controller; \(\textcircled {5}\) actuated ball valve; \(\textcircled {6}\) pressure vessel; \(\textcircled {7}\) electric heater input, PID controlled. (c) Mould with cylindrical cavities, 8.3 mm in height and 23.2 mm in diameter each; (d) Foam samples obtained from the process.