Table 4 Test samples T1–T6: average refractive index, standard deviation, average density resulting from the calibration curve, absolute error on average estimate density, absolute percentage error corresponding to the standard deviation, average refractive index resulting from the calibration curve using the nominal density in Table 1, absolute error on refractive index.

From: Foam density mapping via THz imaging

Sample

T1

T2

T3

T4

T5

T6

\(n_{avg}\)

1.0403

1.0604

1.0910

1.1649

1.2015

1.2793

\(|\sigma _n|\)

0.0075

0.0017

0.0024

0.0081

0.0286

0.0081

\(\tilde{\rho }\) [kg/m3]

72.7

111.7

171.1

314.6

385.7

536.8

\(|\rho _f-\tilde{\rho }|\) [kg/m3]

8.2

1.0

6.3

13.9

2.1

4.1

err

20%

3.0%

2.7%

5.0%

14.4%

2.9%

\(\hat{n}(\rho _f)\)

1.0445

1.0609

1.0942

1.1577

1.2004

1.2772

\(|n_{avg}-\hat{n}(\rho _f)|\)

0.0042

0.0005

0.0032

0.0072

0.0011

0.0021