Table 2 1–3–5 Evaluation Indicator set.

From: Constructing and implementing a performance evaluation indicator set for artificial intelligence decision support systems in pediatric outpatient clinics: an observational study

First-class Indicator

Second-class Indicator

Third-class Indicator

I-1 User experience performance

II-1 Usefulness

III-1 Timeliness of the medical information provided by AI-DSS

III-2 accuracy of the medical information provided by AI-DSS

III-3 usability of the medical information provided by AI-DSS

II-2 Convenience

III-4 Operability of AI-DSS

III-5 Reliability of AI-DSS

III-6 Compatibility of AI-DSS with HIS

III-7 Entire response speed of AI-DSS

II-3 Accessibility

III-8 Implementation rate of AI-DSS

III-9 Training frequency for AI-DSS utilization

III-10 Average resolution time for bug fixes or requests fulfilled during AI-DSS utilization

II-4 Privacy

III-11 Ratio of alerts generated in AI-DSS data acquisition

III-12 Accounting for patient individuality, beliefs, and preferences in AI-DSS utilization

II-5 Satisfaction

III-13 Satisfaction with AI-DSS functionality

III-14 Satisfaction with AI-DSS flexibility

III-15 Satisfaction with AI-DSS effectiveness

III-16 Satisfaction with AI-DSS

III-17 Satisfaction with AI-DSS safety

I-2 Organizational performance

II-6 Cost

III-18 Implementation cost of AI-DSS

III-19 Operational maintenance cost of AI-DSS

III-20 Training cost for AI-DSS utilization

II-7 Efficiency

III-21 Average consultation duration for patient in the clinic

III-22 Average time taken for physician decision-making in the clinic

II-8 Workability

III-23 alignment ratio of diagnoses between healthcare professionals and AI-DSS

III-24 False negative diagnosis rate in AI-DSS

III-25 Ratio of alerts generated for high-risk diseases in AI-DSS

III-26 Volume of clinical decision support generated by AI-DSS

II-9 Risk

III-27 Proportion of AI-DSS undergoing ethical review pre-deployment

III-28 Algorithm transparency of AI-DSS

III-29 Algorithm interpretability of AI-DSS

III-30 Risk level in integrating AI-DSS with hospital information systems

II-10 Foreground

III-31 Enhancement of hospital reputation through AI-DSS

III-32 Optimization budget for AI-DSS

I-3 Societal performance

II-11 Innovation

III-33 Extent of process reengineering for improved healthcare services via AI-DSS

III-34 System update frequency for AI-DSS

II-12 Effect

III-35 Average patient waiting time

III-36 Healthcare professionals' compliance with standards and guidelines

III-37 Patient satisfaction with healthcare services

III-38 Average cost for each outpatient visit

II-13 Feasibility

III-39 Extent of relevant policy support at the national level

III-40 Extent of relevant policy support at the local level

III-41 Extent of hospital informatization

II-14 Security

III-42 Traceability of data acquisition process

III-43 Documentation of AI-DSS modifications in Patient Medical Data

III-44 Incidence Rate of Patient Medical Data Breaches

III-45 Occurrence of Medical Injuries Linked to AI-DSS

II-15 Sustainability

III-46 Trustworthiness of AI-DSS

III-47 Acceptance of AI-DSS

  1. Indicators derived from data collected through self-reporting.