Figure 8

Difference in distance between the mandibular fossa and the condyle and changes in the three-dimensional position of representative line of the mandibular proximal segment. The difference in the distance between the anterior, posterior, and superior mandibular fossa and the condyle was measured at 45° intervals, using the lowest point of the articular tubercle and the midpoint of the tangent line to the lowest point of the ear foramen as reference points in the measured cross-section (Fig. 8A). The changes in the three-dimensional position of the representative line of the mandibular proximal segment were measured preoperatively and postoperatively, based on the study of Jung et al. (Fig. 8B). The representative line of the mandibular proximal segment was set as a reference line through the uppermost point of the coronoid process (CP) and the lowest point of the mandibular notch (MN), and the angles of rotation in the X-axis (Yawing), Z-axis (Pitching), and Z-axis (Rolling) were measured respectively.