Table 1 Descriptive statistics of product sales data.

From: Exploring online consumer behavior on fraudulent energy-saving products

Metric

Mean

Max.

Min.

S.D.

Sales

1389.22

112,544

0

8009.00

Number of reviews

107.98

5671

0

443.08

Price

82.97

2680.0

1.01

240.21

Proportion/%

 Online shopping platforms

1

Taobao

40.43%

2

Pinduoduo

25.88%

3

Jingdong

24.53%

4

Tik Tok (China)

9.16%

 Average electricity saving rate (claimed)

1

0–20%

76.88%

2

20–30%

9.14%

3

30–40%

3.76%

4

40–50%

10.22%

5

More than 50%

0.00%

 The repair rate of used batteries (claimed)a

1

0–50%

69.19%

2

50–100%

20.00%

3

100–200%

8.65%

4

More than 200%

2.16%

  1. aThe repair rate of used batteries shows The percentage increase in battery lifespan claimed by the product. Calculated as: \(\frac{{T_{3} - T_{2} }}{{T_{1} }} \times 100{\text{\% }}\), where T1 is the original lifespan of a new battery, T2 is the reduced lifespan after use, and T3 is the extended lifespan after using the product. These fraudulent products often deceive consumers by claiming high repair rates without being accountable for actual performance. As a result, some products’ repair rates can exceed 100%