Table 1 Baseline characteristics according to frailty status.

From: Observational study of frailty in older Japanese patients with non-valvular atrial fibrillation receiving anticoagulation therapy

 

Total

Independent

Dependent (with any support or care)

P-value

N = 5717

N = 5232

N = 485

Age (years)

73.9 ± 9.5

73.0 ± 9.3

83.5 ± 6.4

 < 0.001

 Missing

0 (0.0%)

0 (0.0%)

0 (0.0%)

 

Sex

 Male

3,704 (64.8%)

3,500 (66.9%)

204 (42.1%)

 < 0.001

 Female

2,013 (35.2%)

1,732 (33.1%)

281 (57.9%)

 Missing

0 (0.0%)

0 (0.0%)

0 (0.0%)

Body weight (kg)

62.7 ± 13.3

63.5 ± 13.2

54.1 ± 11.3

 < 0.001

 Missing

397 (13.89)

370 (7.07)

27 (5.57)

 

Smoking

 Never

3,562 (62.3%)

3,191 (61.0%)

371 (76.5%)

 < 0.001

 Past

1,070 (18.7%)

1,015 (19.4%)

55 (11.3%)

 Current

526 (9.2%)

511 (9.8%)

15 (3.1%)

 Missing

559 (9.8%)

515 (9.8%)

44 (9.1%)

Alcohol consumption

 Never

2,606 (45.6%)

2,236 (42.7%)

370 (76.3%)

 < 0.001

 Sometimes

1,294 (22.6%)

1,245 (23.8%)

49 (10.1%)

 Everyday

1,229 (21.5%)

1,206 (23.1%)

23 (4.7%)

 Missing

588 (10.3%)

545 (10.4%)

43 (8.9%)

Japanese LTCI assessment

 Independent

5,232 (91.5%)

5,232 (100.0%)

0 (0.0%)

 < 0.001

 Support level 1

110 (1.9%)

0 (0.0%)

110 (22.7%)

 Support level 2

79 (1.4%)

0 (0.0%)

79 (16.3%)

 Long-term care level 1

114 (2.0%)

0 (0.0%)

114 (23.5%)

 Long-term care level 2

94 (1.6%)

0 (0.0%)

94 (19.4%)

 Long-term care level 3

53 (0.9%)

0 (0.0%)

53 (10.9%)

 Long-term care level 4

26 (0.5%)

0 (0.0%)

26 (5.4%)

 Long-term care level 5

9 (0.2%)

0 (0.0%)

9 (1.9%)

 Missing

0 (0.0%)

0 (0.0%)

0 (0.0%)

Systolic blood pressure (mmHg)

127.7 ± 15.2

127.9 ± 15.1

125.0 ± 16.2

 < 0.001

 Missing

145 (5.07)

134 (2.56)

11 (2.27)

 

Diastolic blood pressure (mmHg)

73.4 ± 11.0

73.6 ± 11.0

71.2 ± 11.3

 < 0.001

 Missing

147 (5.14)

136 (2.6)

11 (2.27)

 

Heart rate (/min)

73.5 ± 13.3

73.4 ± 13.3

74.5 ± 13.8

0.11

 Missing

978 (34.21)

920 (17.58)

58 (11.96)

 

Creatinine clearance (mL/min)

66.7 ± 27.3

68.9 ± 27.2

45.3 ± 17.7

 < 0.001

 Missing

716 (21.01)

678 (12.96)

38 (7.84)

 

Paroxysmal AF

 No

3,398 (59.4%)

3,061 (58.5%)

337 (69.5%)

 < 0.001

 Yes

2,311 (40.4%)

2,163 (41.3%)

148 (30.5%)

 Missing

8 (0.1%)

8 (0.2%)

0 (0.0%)

CHADS2 score

2.0 (2.0–3.0)

2.0 (1.0–3.0)

3.0 (2.0–3.0)

 < 0.001

 Missing

8 (0.1%)

8 (0.2%)

0 (0.0%)

 

HASBLED score

1.0 (1.0–2.0)

1.0 (1.0–2.0)

2.0 (1.0–3.0)

 < 0.001

 Missing

0 (0%)

0 (0%)

0 (0%)

 

CHA2DS2VASc score

3.0 (2.0–4.0)

3.0 (2.0–4.0)

4.0 (4.0–5.0)

 < 0.001

 Missing

8 (0.1%)

8 (0.2%)

0 (0.0%)

 

Stroke (ischemic/hemorrhagic)

 No

5,014 (87.7%)

4,706 (89.9%)

308 (63.5%)

 < 0.001

 Yes

689 (12.1%)

512 (9.8%)

177 (36.5%)

 Missing

14 (0.2%)

14 (0.3%)

0 (0.0%)

Ischemic stroke

 No

5,014 (87.7%)

4,706 (89.9%)

308 (63.5%)

 < 0.001

 Yes

631 (11.0%)

465 (8.9%)

166 (34.2%)

 Missing

72 (1.3%)

61 (1.2%)

11 (2.3%)

Hemorrhagic stroke

 No

5,014 (87.7%)

4,706 (89.9%)

308 (63.5%)

 < 0.001

 Yes

59 (1.0%)

48 (0.9%)

11 (2.3%)

 Missing

644 (11.3%)

478 (9.1%)

166 (34.2%)

Transient ischemic attack

 No

5,599 (97.9%)

5,130 (98.1%)

469 (96.7%)

0.021

 Yes

104 (1.8%)

88 (1.7%)

16 (3.3%)

 Missing

14 (0.2%)

14 (0.3%)

0 (0.0%)

Systemic embolism

 No

5,681 (99.4%)

5,201 (99.4%)

480 (99.0%)

0.029

 Yes

22 (0.4%)

17 (0.3%)

5 (1.0%)

 Missing

14 (0.2%)

14 (0.3%)

0 (0.0%)

Deep vein thrombosis

 No

5,658 (99.0%)

5,181 (99.0%)

477 (98.4%)

0.042

 Yes

45 (0.8%)

37 (0.7%)

8 (1.6%)

 Missing

14 (0.2%)

14 (0.3%)

0 (0.0%)

Pulmonary embolism

 No

5,689 (99.5%)

5,207 (99.5%)

482 (99.4%)

0.12

 Yes

14 (0.2%)

11 (0.2%)

3 (0.6%)

 Missing

14 (0.2%)

14 (0.3%)

0 (0.0%)

Peripheral artery disease

 No

5,570 (97.4%)

5,093 (97.3%)

477 (98.4%)

0.30

 Yes

133 (2.3%)

125 (2.4%)

8 (1.6%)

 Missing

14 (0.2%)

14 (0.3%)

0 (0.0%)

Major bleeding

 No

5,657 (99.0%)

5,180 (99.0%)

477 (98.4%)

0.049

 Yes

46 (0.8%)

38 (0.7%)

8 (1.6%)

 Missing

14 (0.2%)

14 (0.3%)

0 (0.0%)

Coronary artery disease

 No

5,150 (90.1%)

4,739 (90.6%)

411 (84.7%)

 < 0.001

 Yes

553 (9.7%)

479 (9.2%)

74 (15.3%)

 Missing

14 (0.2%)

14 (0.3%)

0 (0.0%)

Myocardial infarction

 No

5,502 (96.2%)

5,040 (96.3%)

462 (95.3%)

0.15

 Yes

200 (3.5%)

177 (3.4%)

23 (4.7%)

 Missing

15 (0.3%)

15 (0.3%)

0 (0.0%)

Congestive heart failure

 No

4,485 (78.5%)

4,218 (80.6%)

267 (55.1%)

 < 0.001

 Yes

1,218 (21.3%)

1,000 (19.1%)

218 (44.9%)

 Missing

14 (0.2%)

14 (0.3%)

0 (0.0%)

Hypertension

 No

1,554 (27.2%)

1,423 (27.2%)

131 (27.0%)

0.52

 Yes

4,149 (72.6%)

3,795 (72.5%)

354 (73.0%)

 Missing

14 (0.2%)

14 (0.3%)

0 (0.0%)

Diabetes

 No

4,393 (76.8%)

4,024 (76.9%)

369 (76.1%)

0.46

 Yes

1,310 (22.9%)

1,194 (22.8%)

116 (23.9%)

 Missing

14 (0.2%)

14 (0.3%)

0 (0.0%)

Dyslipidemia

 No

3,146 (55.0%)

2,851 (54.5%)

295 (60.8%)

0.017

 Yes

2,557 (44.7%)

2,367 (45.2%)

190 (39.2%)

 Missing

14 (0.2%)

14 (0.3%)

0 (0.0%)

Chronic kidney disease

 No

5,033 (88.0%)

4,679 (89.4%)

354 (73.0%)

 < 0.001

 Yes

670 (11.7%)

539 (10.3%)

131 (27.0%)

 Missing

14 (0.2%)

14 (0.3%)

0 (0.0%)

Liver disease

 No

5,266 (92.1%)

4,800 (91.7%)

466 (96.1%)

0.003

 Yes

437 (7.6%)

418 (8.0%)

19 (3.9%)

 Missing

14 (0.2%)

14 (0.3%)

0 (0.0%)

Cancer

 No

5,266 (92.1%)

4,820 (92.1%)

446 (92.0%)

0.49

 Yes

437 (7.6%)

398 (7.6%)

39 (8.0%)

 Missing

14 (0.2%)

14 (0.3%)

0 (0.0%)

Dementia medication

 No

5,365 (93.8%)

5,058 (96.7%)

307 (63.3%)

 < 0.001

 Yes

338 (5.9%)

160 (3.1%)

178 (36.7%)

 Missing

14 (0.2%)

14 (0.3%)

0 (0.0%)

Previous anticoagulants

 No

3,015 (52.7%)

2,810 (53.7%)

205 (42.3%)

 < 0.001

 Yes

2,322 (40.6%)

2,079 (39.7%)

243 (50.1%)

 Missing

380 (6.6%)

343 (6.6%)

37 (7.6%)

Rivaroxaban dose per day

 < 10 mg/day

18 (0.3%)

18 (0.3%)

0 (0.0%)

 < 0.001

 10 mg/day

2,814 (49.2%)

2,418 (46.2%)

396 (81.6%)

 15 mg/day

2,864 (50.1%)

2,775 (53.0%)

89 (18.4%)

 15 mg/day < 

2 (0.0%)

2 (0.0%)

0 (0.0%)

 Missing

19 (0.3%)

19 (0.4%)

0 (0.0%)

Rivaroxaban new prescription

 No

5,185 (90.7%)

4,765 (91.1%)

420 (86.6%)

0.001

 Yes

532 (9.3%)

467 (8.9%)

65 (13.4%)

 Missing

0 (0.0%)

0 (0.0%)

0 (0.0%)

Treatment for AF

 No

1,682 (29.4%)

1,514 (28.9%)

168 (34.6%)

0.007

 Yes

3,975 (69.5%)

3,659 (69.9%)

316 (65.2%)

 Missing

60 (1.0%)

59 (1.1%)

1 (0.2%)

PCI

 No

5,400 (94.5%)

4,941 (94.4%)

459 (94.6%)

0.41

 Yes

298 (5.2%)

272 (5.2%)

26 (5.4%)

 Missing

19 (0.3%)

19 (0.4%)

0 (0.0%)

CABG

 No

5625 (98.4%)

5151 (98.5%)

474 (97.7%)

0.053

 Yes

73 (1.3%)

62 (1.2%)

11 (2.3%)

 Missing

19 (0.3%)

19 (0.4%)

0 (0.0%)

  1. LTCI long-term care insurance, AF atrial fibrillation, PCI percutaneous coronary intervention, CABG coronary artery bypass grafting.
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