Table 3 The Grading of Recommendations, Assessment, Development, and Evaluation (GRADE) system was utilized to assess the quality and strength of the included outcomes (i.e., American Orthopedic Foot & Ankle Society [AOFAS] scores, Intermetatarsal Angle [IMA], Distal Metatarsal Articular Angle [DMAA], and Hallux Valgus Angle [HVangle]) in the systematic review and meta-analysis.
Outcome | Summary of findings | Quality of evidence synthesis (GRADE) | ||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
k | n | Effect (95% CI) | Direction effect compared to baseline | Imprecision | Inconsistency | Risk of bias | Overall quality | |
AOFAS scores | ||||||||
AOFAS scores | 7 | 554 | 3.29 (1.66–4.92) | ↑ | None | − 1 | − 1 | ●○○○○ Very Low |
IMA scores | ||||||||
IMA scores | 7 | 554 | − 1.06 (− 1.55 to − 0.58) | ↑ | None | − 1 | − 1 | ●○○○○ Very Low |
DMAA scores | ||||||||
DMAA scores | 6 | 543 | − 1.05 (− 1.62 to − 0.47) | ↑ | None | − 1 | − 1 | ●○○○○ Very Low |
HVangle | ||||||||
HVangle | 6 | 543 | − 2.05 (− 2.54 to − 1.57) | ↑ | None | − 1 | − 1 | ●○○○○ Very Low |
