Table 5 Comparison of SBA-15@Schiff‐base@Fe(III) catalyst with other catalysts in the literature to synthesize 4a (Entries 1–10) and 6a (Entries 11–20).

1

PANI⋅FeCl₃

CH₃CN, reflux

24 h

83⁴¹

2

Cellulose sulfuric acid

Water, 100 °C

3.5–6.5 h

85⁴⁶

3

Fe(III)/Al-MCM-41

CH₃CN, reflux

4 h

85⁴⁷

4

Cu-Schiff base-MCM-41

MeOH, RT

15 min

92⁸

5

MNP–IL–HSO₄

solvent-free, 100 °C

30 min

95⁴⁸

6

Bentonite/PS-SO₃H

solvent-free, 120 °C

30 min

89¹³

7

Nano-Fe₃O₄-bpy-Ni(II)

MW, Solvent- free,130 °C

1 h

90¹²

8

SBA‑15@APTES

EtOH, U.S (r.t.)

1 h

Trace (This work)

9

Schiff‐base

EtOH, U.S (r.t.)

1 h

Trace (This work)

10

SBA-15@Schiff‐base@Fe(III)

EtOH, U.S (r.t.)

12 min

>93 (This work)

11

MNPs-BSAT

100 °C, solvent-free

1 h

94¹¹

12

Cu/SiO₂

EtOH, reflux

35 min

96⁴⁹

13

VNPRP

MeOH:H₂O (1:1)

1.5 h

90⁵⁰

14

Nafion-H

EtOH, reflux

10 h

70⁵¹

15

SiO₂-NaHSO₄

H₂O, 60–80 °C

1.5 h

95⁵²

16

TMSCl

CH₃CN/DMF, reflux

1.5 h

95⁵³

17

VCl₃

CH₃CN, reflux

2 h

80⁵⁴

18

SBA‑15@APTES

EtOH, U.S (r.t.)

1 h

Trace (This work)

19

Schiff‐base

EtOH, U.S (r.t.)

1 h

Trace (This work)

20

SBA-15@Schiff‐base@Fe(III)

EtOH, U.S (r.t.)

15 min

>95 (This work)