Figure 9

Measurement of osteogenic effects of the nanoparticles on HDPSCs. (A) ARS assay of mineralized nodules on day 14 with normal or osteogenic medium. Magnification 10×, scale bar 100 µm. (B) Demonstrating quantitative results of differentiated HDPSCs stained with alizarin red S. (C) DSPP; (D) DMP1; (E) VEGF-A. Statistical analysis was performed using ANOVA. ****P < 0.0001, ***P < 0.001 (vs. untreated control with normal medium). #### < 0.0001 (vs. positive control with OS medium), **p < 0.01, *p < 0.05. OS medium; osteogenic medium.