Figure 5 | Scientific Reports

Figure 5

From: Clinical application of transcranial neuroendoscopy combined with supraorbital keyhole approach in minimally invasive surgery of the anterior skull base

Figure 5

(A–D) Preoperative brain CT findings of intracranial gas accumulation and comminuted skull fractures. (E,F) Preoperative 3D Slicer reconstruction and simulation of surgical approach to evaluate the feasibility of this surgical approach. (G,H) Further evaluation of the location of bone fistula using preoperative 3D Slicer reconstruction. (I) Intraoperative neuroendoscopic findings of fistula and brain tissue swelling. (J) After thorough cleaning, obvious fistula can be seen (white arrow). (K,L) Multilayer artificial meninges and biological glue repair (black arrow). (M,N) Postoperative brain CT reexamination. (O) Postoperative 3D Slicer reconstruction of actual bone window.

Back to article page