Table 2 Baseline patient sociodemographic characteristics by study groups.
Sociodemographic characteristics | Control group (n = 80) | Intervention group (n = 80) | p- value |
|---|---|---|---|
Gender, n (%) | 0.396 | ||
Male | 52 (65%) | 57 (71.3%) | |
Female | 28 (35%) | 23 (28.8%) | |
Age (year), mean ± (SD) | 50.2 ± (11.7) | 49.9 ± (12.3) | 0.8851 |
Nationality, n (%) | 0.614 | ||
Saudi | 28 (35%) | 25 (31.3%) | |
Non- Saudi | 52 (65%) | 55 (68.8%) | |
Smoking status, n (%) | 0.399 | ||
Never smoker | 46 (57.5%) | 54 (67.5%) | |
Ex-smoker | 12 (15%) | 8 (10%) | |
Current smoker | 22 (27.5%) | 18 (22.5%) | |
Education, n (%) | 0.740 | ||
Illiterate | 10 (12.5%) | 7 (8.8%) | |
Elementary | 17 (21.3%) | 17 (21.3%) | |
Intermediate | 17 (21.3%) | 18 (22.5%) | |
Diploma/high school | 21 (26.3%) | 17 (21.3%) | |
Bachelor’s degree or higher | 15 (18.8%) | 21 (26.3%) | |
Income range (SR), n (%) | 0.890 | ||
< 5000 | 24 (30%) | 27 (33.8%) | |
5000– < 10,000 | 20 (25%) | 20 (25%) | |
10,000– < 15,000 | 21 (26.3%) | 17 (21.3%) | |
≥ 15,000 | 15 (18.8%) | 16 (20%) | |
Insurance coverage, n (%) | 0.538 | ||
Governmental | 10 (12.5%) | 8 (10%) | |
Insurance company | 40 (50%) | 47 (58.8%) | |
None | 30 (37.5%) | 25 (31.3) | |
BMI (kg/m2), median [IQR] | 29.8 [26.3, 34.3] | 29.63 [25.6, 33] | 0.329 |
Diet habit, | 0.186 | ||
Follow diet | 10 (12.5%) | 16 (20%) | |
No regular diet | 57 (71.3%) | 46 (57.5%) | |
Not sure | 13 (16.3%) | 18 (22.5%) | |
Physical activities, | 0.238 | ||
Inactive | 46 (57.5%) | 37 (46.3%) | |
Moderate | 22 (27.5%) | 32 (40%) | |
Highly active | 12 (15%) | 11 (13.8%) | |
Family history, | 0.871 | ||
None | 16 (20%) | 18 (22.5%) | |
DM | 19 (23.8%) | 24 (30%) | |
HTN | 2 (2.5%) | 3 (3.8%) | |
DM & HTN | 14 (17.5%) | 11 (13.8%) | |
DM & DLD | 5 (6.3%) | 3 (3.75%) | |
HTN & DLD | 1 (1.3%) | 2 (2.5%) | |
DM, HTN &DLD | 23 (28.8%) | 19 (23.75%) | |
MARS-5, | 0.719 | ||
Not adhere | 60 (75%) | 58 (72.5%) | |
Adhere | 20 (25%) | 22 (27.5%) | |
DDS, | 0.384 | ||
< 2.0 (little or no distress) | 20 (25%) | 21 (26.3%) | |
2.0 -2.9 (moderate distress) | 35 (43.8%) | 27 (33.8%) | |
> 3.0 (high distress) | 25 (31.3%) | 32 (40%) | |
HbA1c (%), median [IQR] | 9.9% [8.8 , 10.9] | 9.6% [8.9 , 11.7] | 0.725 |
RBG mg/dl, median [IQR] | 197.5 [147, 265] | 192 [134 , 310] | 0.967 |
FBG mg/dl, median [IQR] | 240.25 [170.2 , 294] | 222.9 [164 , 281.4] | 0.448 |
Diabetes duration year, median [IQR] | 6 [3, 14] | 9 [3 , 14.5] | 0.2 |
Number of comorbidities, n (%) | 0.623 | ||
None | 37 (46.3%) | 36 (45%) | |
1 | 27 (33.8%) | 22 (27.5%) | |
2 | 10 (12.5%) | 12 (15%) | |
3 | 3 (3.75%) | 7 (8.8%) | |
4 | 2 (2.5%) | 3 (3.8%) | |
5 | 0 | 0 | |
6 | 0 | 0 | |
7 | 1 (1.3%) | 0 | |
Number of medications, median [IQR] | 4 [3, 7] | 5 [4,7] | 0.258 |
