Figure 4

Data for analysis of intestinal bacteria in fresh mouse stool. (a) The result of ß diversity shows that the gut microbiota composition differed significantly between the control and the Uro A group in both unweighted and weighted analyses (p < 0.01, p < 0.01, respectively. PERMANOVA). (b) Taxonomy of gut microbiota at the genus level shows that the predominant five genera in both groups before the administration of Uro A included unclassified genus belonging to the family S24-7, genera belonging to the family Lachnospiraceae, genera Bacteroides, Akkermansia, and Lactobacillus. (c, d) An LDA ((log10) > 3.5) and LEfSe analysis after administration of Uro A in wild-type mice. A difference in the alternation of several genera is observed after the administration of Uro A. In the Uro A group, the abundance of the unclassified genus belonging to the family S24-7 (before: 27.7%, after: 34.9%, p = 0.045, Wilcoxon signed-rank test), genus Ruminococcus (before: 1.3%, after: 5.0%, p < 0.01, Wilcoxon signed-rank test), and genus Prevotella (before: 0.2%, after: 3.1%, p < 0.01, Wilcoxon signed-rank test) significantly increased after 1 week of oral Uro A administration. (e, f) An LDA ([log10] > 3.5) and LEfSe analysis between the control and Uro A groups after Uro A administration. In the Uro A group, the abundance of the unclassified genus belonging to the family S24-7 (control group: 25.0%, Uro A group: 34.9%, p = 0.013, Wilcoxon signed-rank test), genus Ruminococcus (control group: 3.4%, Uro A group: 5.0%, p = 0.045, Wilcoxon signed-rank test), and genus Prevotella (control group: 1.4%, Uro A group: 3.1%, p = 0.031, Wilcoxon signed-rank test) significantly increased. Uro A, urolithin A; LDA, linear discriminant analysis; LEfSe, linear discriminant analysis effect size.