Figure 4 | Scientific Reports

Figure 4

From: Short-read full-length 16S rRNA amplicon sequencing for characterisation of the respiratory bacteriome of captive and free-ranging African elephants (Loxodonta africana)

Figure 4

Multidimensional scaling (MDS) plot of generalized Unifrac dissimilarities derived from the bacterial communities of BALF, ETT, and TW respiratory samples of captive (zoo) and free-ranging elephants. Plots are segregated by (a) sample type and (b) captivity status. Intersample variation between sample type groups trended toward significance (p = 0.085, PERMANOVA). Pairwise comparison revealed near-significant differences in the beta diversity of ETT and TW (p = 0.029, padj = 0.087). There were no significant differences between free-ranging (National Park) and captive (Zoo) elephants (p = 0.442, PERMANOVA). BALF bronchoalveolar lavage fluid, ETT endotracheal tube wash, TW trunk wash, NP National Park.

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