Table 3 General demographic data of subjects in longitudinal follow-up.

From: Diagnostic and predictive power of plasma proteins in Alzheimer's disease: a cross-sectional and longitudinal study in China

Characteristics

Whole sample (n = 506)

NC-aMCI (n = 136)

NC-NC (n = 370)

p value

Age, years (SD)

69.23 (7.22)

71.26 (6.81)

68.48 (7.23)

0.009*

Education, years (SD)

11.39 (3.37)

10.67 (3.97)

11.66 (3.08)

0.050

Male, n(%)

182 (36.0)

56 (41.2)

126 (34.1)

0.145

Hypertension, n (%)

289 (57.1)

77 (56.6)

212 (57.3)

0.919

Diabetes, n (%)

126 (24.9)

40 (29.4)

86 (23.2)

0.165

CHD, n (%)

68 (13.4)

23 (16.9)

45 (12.2)

0.186

Hyperlipidemia, n (%)

200 (39.5)

55 (40.4)

145 (39.2)

0.838

Cerebral hemorrhage, n (%)

9 (1.8)

2 (1.5)

7 (1.9)

1.000

Stroke, n (%)

79 (15.6)

21 (15.4)

58 (15.7)

1.000

Depression, n (%)

10 (2.0)

2 (1.5)

8 (2.2)

1.000

NfL, pg/ml, mean (SD)

17.54 (11.21)

20.25 (12.46)

16.54 (10.55)

0.001*

Ptau181, pg/ml, mean (SD)

2.79 (2.08)

3.07 (2.52)

2.69 (1.89)

0.033*

T-tau, pg/ml, mean (SD)

2.46 (2.39)

2.46 (2.52)

2.45 (2.34)

0.665

Aβ42, pg/ml, mean (SD)

11.36 (3.05)

11.85 (3.18)

11.18 (2.99)

0.024*

Aβ40,pg/ml, mean (SD)

174.97 (45.12)

181.81 (47.59)

172.45 (43.98)

0.027*

Aβ42/ 40, mean (SD)

0.07 (0.02)

0.07 (0.03)

0.07 (0.02)

0.907

Baseline MoCA, mean (SD)

24.52 (2.89)

23.54 (3.24)

24.88 (2.67)

0.002*

Follow up MoCA, mean (SD)

23.51 (3.73)

19.93 (3.36)

24.82 (2.91)

 < 0.001*

  1. NC Normal controls, aMCI amnestic mild cognitive impairment, AD Alzheimer's disease, CHD Coronary heart disease, NfL neurofilament light, P‐tau181 phosphorylated tau 181, T‐tau total tau, Aβ42 amyloid‐β42, Aβ40 amyloid‐β40, Aβ42/40 amyloid‐β42/40, MoCA Montreal Cognitive Assessment.
  2. Data were presented as mean (standard deviation) or frequencies (%); Demographic and clinical characteristics were assessed using Fisher exact test across the whole group, and then Kruskal‐Wallis test was used to compare continuous variables between two groups (NC, aMCI, and AD). Significant differences were found in plasma biomarker concentrations after accounting for the effects of age, educational, sex, hypertension, diabetes, and hyperlipidemia.
  3. *Significantly different from aMCI, p < 0.05.