Table 2 Cox-regression for diagnosis mode and mortality in elderly patients (over 75 years old).

From: Hepatocellular carcinoma outcomes and potential implications for surveillance in elderly patients

 

Univariable

Cox regression

Multivariable Cox

Regression Model 1

Multivariable Cox

Regression Model 2

Multivariable Cox

Regression Model 3

HR (95% CI)

p-value

aHR (95% CI)

p-value

aHR (95% CI)

p-value

aHR (95% CI)

p-value

Mode of diagnosis

 Symptom onset

Reference

 

Reference

 

Reference

 

Reference

 

 Surveillance

0.51 (0.39–0.68)

 < 0.001

0.56 (0.41–0.77)

 < 0.001

0.64 (0.47–0.87)

0.004

0.75 (0.54–1.03)

0.07

Age (years)

1.06 (1.02–1.11)

0.007

1.05 (1.01–1.10)

0.025

1.05 (1.01–1.10)

0.017

1.04 (1.00–1.09)

0.06

Gender (Male)

1.13 (0.85–1.50)

0.41

0.91 (0.66–1.26)

0.58

1.04 (0.74–1.44)

0.84

0.93 (0.66–1.30)

0.66

ECOG

 0

Reference

 

Reference

 

Reference

 

Reference

 

 ≥ 1

1.28 (0.95–1.72)

0.11

1.13 (0.83–1.54)

0.45

0.80 (0.59–1.11)

0.18

0.83 (0.60–1.14)

0.24

CKD (Yes)

1.40 (1.05–1.86)

0.021

1.31 (0.96–1.78)

0.09

1.24 (0.90–1.71)

0.19

1.35 (0.98–1.87)

0.07

Etiology

 Viral

Reference

 

Reference

 

Reference

 

Reference

 

 Non-viral

1.49 (1.13–1.97)

0.005

1.19 (0.87–1.62)

0.28

1.55 (1.14–2.10)

0.005

1.65 (1.22–2.23)

0.001

Initial treatment (Yes)

0.23 (0.15–0.33)

 < 0.001

  

0.32 (0.21–0.48)

 < 0.001

0.35 (0.23–0.52)

 < 0.001

ALBI grade

 1

Reference

   

Reference

 

Reference

 

 2–3

3.25 (2.45–4.31)

 < 0.001

  

3.42 (2.53–4.63)

 < 0.001

3.18 (2.35–4.31)

 < 0.001

α-fetoprotein (log10 ug/mL)

1.41 (1.28–1.55)

 < 0.001

  

1.44 (1.30–1.59)

 < 0.001

1.35 (1.22–1.50)

 < 0.001

mUICC stage

 I–II

Reference

     

Reference

 

 III–IV

2.76 (2.08–3.66)

 < 0.001

    

1.86 (1.35–2.58)

 < 0.001

  1. HR, hazard ratio; aHR, adjusted hazard ratio; ECOG, Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group; CKD, chronic kidney disease; HCC, hepatocellular carcinoma; ALBI, albumin-bilirubin; AFP, α-fetoprotein; mUICC, modified Union for International Cancer Control.
  2. Model 1: adjusted for age (years), gender (male vs. female), ECOG (0 vs. 1–4), CKD (eGFR ≥ 60 vs. < 60 mL/min/1.73 m2), and etiology of HCC (viral vs. non-viral).
  3. Model 2: adjusted for age (years), gender (male vs. female), ECOG (0 vs. 1–4), CKD (eGFR ≥ 60 vs. < 60 mL/min/1.73 m2), etiology of HCC (viral vs. non-viral), initial treatment (yes vs. no), ALBI grade (1 vs. 2–3), and serum AFP (/log10 ug/mL).
  4. Model 3: adjusted for age (years), gender (male vs. female), ECOG (0 vs. 1–4), CKD (eGFR ≥ 60 vs. < 60 mL/min/1.73 m2), etiology of HCC (viral vs. non-viral), initial treatment (yes vs. no), ALBI grade (1 vs. 2–3), serum AFP (/log10 ug/mL), and mUICC stage (1–2 vs. 3–4).
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