Table 2 Empirical results of baseline regression.

From: The impact of intellectual property demonstration policies on carbon emission efficiency

Variable

(1)

(2)

(3)

(4)

(5)

(6)

IPDP

0.038***

(0.014)

0.055***

(0.014)

0.064***

(0.014)

0.065***

(0.014)

0.055***

(0.014)

0.044***

(0.014)

EDL

 

− 0.042***

(0.004)

− 0.077***

(0.006)

− 0.079***

(0.006)

− 0.080***

(0.006)

− 0.092***

(0.007)

EDL2

  

0.004***

(0.001)

0.004***

(0.001)

0.004***

(0.001)

0.005***

(0.001)

ER

   

5.792**

(2.489)

5.067**

(2.472)

5.057**

(2.466)

ES

    

− 0.235***

(0.032)

− 0.226***

(0.032)

PSI

     

− 0.238***

(0.057)

Constant

0.539***

(0.003)

0.582***

(0.005)

0.610***

(0.007)

0.593***

(0.010)

0.751***

(0.024)

0.871***

(0.038)

Observations

3640

3640

3640

3640

3640

3640

  1. IPDP: Intellectual Property Demonstration Policies; EDL: Economic Development Level; EDL2: a quadratic term of economic development level; ER: Environmental Regulation; ES: Energy Structure; PSI: Proportion of Secondary Industry. The symbols *, **, and *** denote statistical significance at the 10%, 5%, and 1% levels, respectively, while the values in parentheses indicate standard errors.
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