Table 5 Empirical results of endogeneity check.

From: The impact of intellectual property demonstration policies on carbon emission efficiency

Variable

First-stage regression

(IPDP)

Second-stage regression

(CEE)

CA

0.003***

(0.001)

 

IPDP

 

1.362***

(0.258)

EDL

0.114***

(0.009)

− 0.203***

(0.033)

EDL2

− 0.008***

(0.001)

1.012***

(0.002)

ER

− 3.677

(3.389)

6.668

(4.931)

ES

− 0.047

(0.031)

− 0.032

(0.047)

PSI

0.200***

(0.052)

− 0.127

(0.093)

Constant

0.082***

(0.029)

0.660***

(0.046)

Observations

3640

3640

First-stage F-value

31.88

 
  1. CA: Confucian Academies; IPDP: Intellectual Property Demonstration Policies; CEE: Carbon emission efficiency; EDL: Economic Development Level; EDL2: a quadratic term of economic development level; ER: Environmental Regulation; ES: Energy Structure; PSI: Proportion of Secondary Industry. The symbols *, **, and *** denote statistical significance at the 10%, 5%, and 1% levels, respectively, while the values in parentheses indicate standard errors.
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