Table 6 Empirical results of heterogeneity check.
From: The impact of intellectual property demonstration policies on carbon emission efficiency
Variable | Heterogeneity of urban distribution areas | Heterogeneity of urban carbon emissions | Heterogeneity in the degree of marketization across cities | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Easterncities | Midwest cities | Cities with lower carbon emissions | Cities with higher carbon emissions | Cities with a low degree of marketization | Cities with a higher degree of marketization | |
IPDP | 0.074*** (0.021) | 0.030 (0.019) | 0.052*** (0.020) | 0.034* (0.020) | 0.017 (0.019) | 0.068*** (0.021) |
EDL | − 0.122*** (0.023) | − 0.077*** (0.007) | − 0.081*** (0.008) | − 0.104*** (0.012) | − 0.094*** (0.010) | − 0.087*** (0.010) |
EDL2 | 0.006 (0.004) | 0.004*** (0.001) | 0.005*** (0.001) | 0.005*** (0.001) | 0.005*** (0.001) | 0.004*** (0.001) |
ER | 2.715 (4.817) | 6.819** (2.737) | 5.997** (3.051) | 4.904 (3.923) | − 0.786 (3.406) | 10.490*** (3.555) |
ES | − 0.152** (0.069) | − 0.209*** (0.033) | − 0.124*** (0.039) | − 0.349*** (0.053) | − 0.252*** (0.047) | − 0.208*** (0.045) |
PSI | − 0.634*** (0.131) | − 0.029 (0.058) | − 0.050 (0.069) | − 0.438*** (0.097) | − 0.164** (0.076) | − 0.332*** (0.089) |
Constant | 1.159*** (0.084) | 0.679*** (0.038) | 0.653*** (0.047) | 1.100*** (0.060) | 0.863*** (0.051) | 0.891*** (0.056) |
Observations | 1300 | 2340 | 1820 | 1820 | 1820 | 1820 |
