Table 9 Results from the spatial durbin difference in difference model.
From: The impact of intellectual property demonstration policies on carbon emission efficiency
Variable | Geographic distance matrix | Economic distance matrix | Economic-geographic distances | ||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Direct effect | Indirect effect | Total effect | Direct effect | Indirect effect | Total effect | Direct effect | Indirect effect | Total effect | |
IPDP | − 0.002 (0.033) | 0.673*** (0.181) | 0.671*** (0.196) | 0.023 (0.032) | 0.250*** (0.053) | 0.273*** (0.071) | 0.019 (0.033) | 0.386*** (0.088) | 0.405*** (0.097) |
EDL | − 0.070*** (0.010) | − 0.126*** (0.023) | − 0.196*** (0.028) | − 0.092*** (0.010) | − 0.023*** (0.004) | − 0.114*** (0.012) | − 0.095*** (0.010) | − 0.040*** (0.007) | − 0.135*** (0.014) |
EDL2 | 0.004*** (0.001) | 0.007*** (0.001) | 0.011*** (0.002) | 0.005*** (0.001) | 0.001*** (0.000) | 0.006*** (0.001) | 0.005*** (0.001) | 0.002*** (0.000) | 0.007*** (0.001) |
ER | 1.067 (2.905) | 1.942 (5.470) | 3.009 (8.337) | 3.092 (2.955) | 0.760 (0.747) | 3.853 (3.690) | 2.559 (2.890) | 1.064 (1.241) | 3.623 (4.117) |
ES | − 0.169*** (0.044) | − 0.305*** (0.095) | − 0.473*** (0.132) | − 0.187*** (0.045) | − 0.047*** (0.013) | − 0.233*** (0.055) | − 0.187*** (0.045) | − 0.079*** (0.022) | − 0.266*** (0.064) |
PSI | 0.047 (0.073) | 0.088 (0.139) | 0.135 (0.211) | − 0.082 (0.077) | − 0.020 (0.019) | − 0.102 (0.095) | − 0.053 (0.074) | − 0.021 (0.032) | − 0.074 (0.106) |
\(\rho\) | 0.643*** (0.047) | 0.207*** (0.028) | 6.505*** (0.660) | ||||||
Observations | 3640 | 3640 | 3640 | ||||||
