Table 1 Previous studies of design-based natural ventilation cooling potential evaluation for buildings in China^40,41.

³⁷

1. ASHRAE Handbook-Fundamentals-2009

2. ASHRAE 55–2009

Climate data

Chinese Standard Weather Data (CSWD)

1. EnergyPlus

2. Fundamental heat balance principle

1. To prove the impact of ambient air pollution on NV potential

2. 8–78% of cooling energy usage can potentially be reduced by NV

5 (76)

Harbin

(2091)

Beijing

(2771)

Shanghai

(2365)

Kunming

(6047)

Guangzhou (2898)

Outdoor threshold

Outdoor dry-bulb temperature and Humidity

1. Adaptive thermal comfort model

2. > 12.8℃

Configuration data

GB 50,189–2015: Chinese Design Standard for Energy Efficiency of Public Buildings

Airflow

None

Ventilation strategy

1. Mechanical ventilation

2. Hybrid ventilation

³⁸

Scenarios & Criteria

Climate & Configuration data

Simulator/Core Methodology

Evaluation purpose/Highlight

Climate zone (Cities)

Annual NV hours

(hr)

1. ASHRAE Standard 169–2006

2. ASHRAE Standard 90.1–2007

3. ASHRAE Standard 55–2009

4. ASHRAE Handbook-Fundamentals-2009

Climate data

1. Typical Meteorological Year 3 (TMY3)

2. International Weather for Energy Calculations (IWEC)

3. CSWD

1. EnergyPlus

2. Fundamental heat balance principle

To estimate the NV potential of 1854 locations around the world and calculate energy saving potentials of the world’s 60 largest cities

5 (1854)

Harbin

(2356)

Beijing

(2651)

Shanghai

(2302)

Kunming

(5566)

Guangzhou

(2434)

Outdoor threshold

Outdoor dry-bulb temperature and Humidity

Adaptive thermal comfort model

Configuration data

1. U.S. Department of Energy (DOE) commercial reference building database

2. International Energy Conservation Code (IECC) 2009

Airflow

ASHRAE Standard 55

Ventilation strategy

1. Mechanical ventilation

2. Hybrid ventilation

³⁹

Scenarios & Criteria

Climate & Configuration data

Simulator/Core Methodology

Evaluation purpose/Highlight

Climate zone (Cities)

Annual NV hours

(hr)

1. GB 50,736–2012

2. GB 50,352–2019

Climate data

CSWD

1. Wind tunnel

2. Computational fluid dynamics (CFD)

3. Wind-ventilation rate

1. The calculation formula for the wind-ventilation potential is established

2. The NV potentials of main cities in China are estimated

5 (31)

Harbin

(1929)

Beijing

(2884)

Shanghai

(3402)

Kunming

(3427)

Guangzhou

(4777)

Outdoor threshold

Outdoor dry-bulb temperature

1. 18 °C < , & < 28 °C

2. Adaptive thermal comfort model

Configuration data

1. The building model with a length scale of 1:100 and dimensions of 0.2*0.2*0.16 m (depth*width*height)

2. A single 1 m*1 m window on each façade

Humidity

None

Airflow

None

Ventilation strategy

None

³⁰

Scenarios & Criteria

Climate & Configuration data

Simulator/Core Methodology

Evaluation purpose/Highlight

Climate zone (Cities)

Annual NV hours

(hr)

1. Ventilation, Thermal Comfort and Indoor Air Quality 2018, Crawford Wright Head of Design (BB 101)

2. GB 50,189–2015

Climate data

CSWD

1. Energy performance calculator (EPC)

2. EN ISO 13,790

1. Normative calculation approach that can reduce the impact of parametric uncertainties

2. Six scenarios in 100 cities under five standards are analyzed and displayed on index map, including underdeveloped regions

5 (100)

Harbin

(1476)

Beijing

(1714)

Shanghai

(1071)

Kunming

(2437)

Guangzhou

(1285)

Outdoor threshold

Outdoor dry-bulb temperature

Below upper threshold of adaptive thermal comfort model and higher than 12.8℃

Configuration data

1. GB 50,189–2010

2. GB 50,352–2005

3. GB/T 50,033–2013

4. GB 50,189–2015

5. GB 50,736–2012

6. GB 50,176–93

Humidity

70%, 80% RH

Airflow

15 ACH, 20 ACH

Ventilation strategy

1. Hybrid ventilation

2. Pure natural ventilation