Table 2 Measurement of the level of DF and RSD (selected years).

From: Research on the coupling coordination characteristics and convergence of digital finance and regional sustainable development: evidence from Chinese city clusters

Systems

Region

2011

2013

2015

2017

2019

2020

Average

DF

Full sample

0.1968

0.4520

0.5774

0.7231

0.7898

0.8169

0.5752

Jing-jin-Ji

0.1904

0.4387

0.5530

0.6988

0.7609

0.7919

0.5534

Yangtze River Delta

0.2234

0.4984

0.6301

0.7779

0.8714

0.9001

0.6305

Pearl River Delta

0.2397

0.4939

0.6097

0.7582

0.8447

0.8693

0.6154

Middle of Yangtze

0.1760

0.4378

0.5617

0.7100

0.7717

0.7992

0.5603

Cheng-Yu

0.1820

0.4227

0.5515

0.6935

0.7358

0.7607

0.5422

Beibu Gulf

0.1950

0.4263

0.5614

0.6992

0.7526

0.7766

0.5525

RSD

Full sample

0.2763

0.2920

0.3069

0.3183

0.3359

0.3425

0.3094

Jing-jin-Ji

0.2729

0.2873

0.3011

0.3090

0.3209

0.3276

0.3011

Yangtze River Delta

0.3491

0.3653

0.3730

0.3784

0.3972

0.4012

0.3753

Pearl River Delta

0.3962

0.4247

0.4354

0.4510

0.4550

0.4560

0.4345

Middle of Yangtze

0.2425

0.2547

0.2731

0.2884

0.3052

0.3126

0.2766

Cheng-Yu

0.2122

0.2279

0.2467

0.2577

0.2835

0.2935

0.2505

Beibu Gulf

0.2220

0.2366

0.2550

0.2676

0.2930

0.3016

0.2595

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