Table 2 Operative data and postoperative in-hospital outcomes.

From: Comparative efficacy of totally thoracoscopic, mini-thoracotomy, and mini-sternotomy approaches in aortic valve replacement

Group

Level

MS (n = 47)

MT (n = 43)

TT (n = 40)

P

SMD

Hospital stays, d

 

8.26 (2.43)

7.77 (2.17)

6.53 (1.58)

0.001

0.57

ICU stay, d

 

2.23 (0.87)

1.84 (1.09)

1.20 (0.41)

 < 0.001

0.903

Mechanical ventilation length, h

 

15.40 (4.15)

14.14 (4.02)

11.06 (4.56)

 < 0.001

0.674

Operation duration, min

 

198.83 (30.41)

221.60 (32.42)

249.85 (60.33)

 < 0.001

0.792

CPB time, min

 

85.21 (34.14)

102.14 (39.24)

150.93 (29.71)

 < 0.001

1.305

ACC time, min

 

61.72 (21.83)

75.65 (22.00)

111.95 (26.82)

 < 0.001

1.39

Prosthetic valve type, n (%)

Mechanical valve

13 (27.7)

8 (18.6)

13 (32.5)

0.34

0.215

 

Bioprosthetic valve

34 (72.3)

35 (81.4)

27 (67.5)

  

Implant size, n (%)

21 mm

5 (10.6)

4 (9.3)

5 (12.5)

0.985

0.09

 

23 mm

35 (74.5)

32 (74.4)

28 (70.0)

  
 

25 mm

7 (14.9)

7 (16.3)

7 (17.5)

  

Respiratory complication, n (%)

 

7 (14.9)

8 (18.6)

6 (15.0)

0.867

0.066

Prolonged ventilation, n (%)

 

6 (12.8)

6 (14.0)

5 (12.5)

0.978

0.029

LCOS requiring MCS, n (%)

 

0 (0.0)

1 (2.3)

1 (2.5)

0.561

0.152

Cardiocerebral events, n (%)

 

1 (2.1)

3 (7.0)

2 (5.0)

0.544

0.158

Poor healing wound, n (%)

 

1 (2.1)

1 (2.3)

0 (0.0)

0.635

0.147

Conversion to sternotomy, n (%)

 

0 ( 0.0)

1 ( 2.3)

0 ( 0.0)

0.361

0.145

III AVB, n (%)

 

1 (2.1)

1 (2.3)

0 (0.0)

0.635

0.147

Paravalvular leakage, n (%)

 

0 ( 0.0)

0 ( 0.0)

1 ( 2.5)

0.322

0.151

Unplanned Reopeartion, n (%)

 

1 (2.1)

0 (0.0)

0 (0.0)

0.411

0.139

New onset AF, n (%)

 

5 (10.6)

7 (16.3)

5 (12.5)

0.724

0.111

Post-LVEF, %

 

60.40 (4.90)

58.98 (5.68)

57.97 (5.23)

0.108

0.311

Post-LVEDD, cm

 

4.78 (0.88)

4.72 (0.85)

4.68 (0.64)

0.855

0.082

Mean pressure gradient, mmHg

 

10.91 (5.32)

11.47 (5.59)

12.78 (5.98)

0.31

0.22

Peak flow velocity, m/s

 

2.39 (0.42)

2.23 (0.47)

2.34 (0.53)

0.277

0.224

24 h Chest Drainage, mL

 

518.09 (173.25)

395.12 (178.10)

302.00 (235.50)

 < 0.001

0.73

Blood loss, mL

 

453.19 (186.33)

432.56 (142.63)

297.50 (145.86)

 < 0.001

0.664

RBC, n (%)

 

10 (21.3)

5 (11.6)

1 (2.5)

0.029

0.41

Plasma, n (%)

 

15 (31.9)

6 (14.0)

1 (2.5)

0.001

0.57

Platelet, n (%)

 

1 (2.1)

1 (2.3)

0 (0.0)

0.635

0.147

In-hospital death, n (%)

 

0 (0.0)

0 (0.0)

0 (0.0)

NaN

 < 0.001

  1. MS, Mini-Sternotomy; MT, Mini-Thoracotomy; TT, Totally Thoracoscopic; d, days; h, hours; min, minutes; CPB, Cardiopulmonary Bypass; ACC, Aortic Cross-Clamp; AVB, Atrioventricular Block; AF, Atrial Fibrillation; LVEF, Left Ventricular Ejection Fraction; LVEDD, Left Ventricular End-Diastolic Dimension; RBC, Red Blood Cells.
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