Table 11 Computational complexity of various employed methodologies for classification.

From: Metaheuristic integrated machine learning classification of colon cancer using STFT LASSO and EHO feature extraction from microarray gene expressions

Classifiers

Without feature extraction

With STFT feature extraction

With LASSO feature extraction

With EHO feature extraction

GMM

O(2n log2n)

O(2n4 log2n)

O(2n3 log2n)

O(2n4 log2n)

PSO GMM

O(2n3 log2n)

O(2n7 log2n)

O(2n4 log2n)

O(2n5 log2n)

DFA

O(n)

O(2n3)

O(n3)

O(n4)

NBC

O(n log2n)

O(2n3 log2n)

O(n3 log2n)

O(n4 log2n)

Firefly GMM

O(2n2 log2n)

O(2n4 log2n)

O(2n4 log2n)

O(2n4 log2n)

SVM (RBF)

O(n log n)

O(2n2log n)

O(n3 log n)

O(n4 log n)

FPO-GMM

O(2n5 log2n)

O(2n7 log2n)

O(2n7 log2n)

O(2n8 log2n)