Figure 2

(a) Contour plots of the electrode potentials and potentials gradient according to the x and y-direction under an applied voltage of 10 kV. (b) Electrostatic field and maxwell stress tensor component measurements on the object surface. (c) Line profiles of the electrostatic field on the object surface and the corresponding Maxwell stress. (d) Calculated electrostatic force densities of the monolayer (\({\upvarepsilon }_{\text{m}}\)= 2.5, 3.5, and 4.5) and bilayer (\({\upvarepsilon }_{\text{in}}\)= 2.5 and \({\upvarepsilon }_{\text{out}}\)= 4.5).