Figure 4

Results of discomfort and boredom. Black dots in figure indicate participants’ responses. (a) Discomfort. Although not related to the H1, results of OT are also shown for reference. Wilcoxon signed-rank test (significance level: \(\alpha = 5\%\)) was performed only between ST and AT. Results showed that ST was significantly lower than AT (\(Z = 2.089,\) \(p = 0.037,\) Cohen’s \(r = 0.301\)). (b) Boredom. Although not related to the H3, AT results are shown for reference. Wilcoxon signed-rank test (significance level: \(\alpha = 5\%\)) was performed only between OT and ST responses. Results showed that ST was significantly lower than OT (\(Z = 3.325,\) \(p < 0.001,\) Cohen’s \(r = 0.480\)). (*: \(p < 0.05\), **: \(p < 0.01\)).