Table 1 Strengths and weaknesses of semi-autonomous touch method, robot’s autonomous touch method, and user-operated touch method.“Good” indicates that the touch method is considered to satisfy property. “Bad” indicates that the touch method does not satisfy property.

From: Semi-autonomous touch method merging robot’s autonomous touch and user-operated touch for improving user experience in robot touch

 

Operated touch method

Semi-autonomous touch method

Autonomous touch method

Feel less discomfort when touched by the robot (non-uncomfortableness)

Good

Good

Bad

Experience a greater sense of being touched by another person (otherness)

Bad

Good

Good

Inclined to continue interacting with the robot for a longer period (non-boredomness)

Bad

Good

Good