Table 3 Multivariable analysis of myopia prevalence among adolescents aged 12–15 in Shandong Province who participated in 2024 vision test and questionnaire survey.
Independent variables | OR(95% CI) | P |
|---|---|---|
Gender | ||
Male | 1 | |
Female | 1.093(1.066–1.120) | 0.000 |
Age (year) | ||
12 | 1 | |
13 | 1.072(1.035–1.111) | 0.000 |
14 | 1.163(1.122–1.205) | 0.000 |
15 | 1.222(1.180–1.265) | 0.000 |
Place of residence | ||
Rural | 1 | |
Urban | 1.076(1.049–1.103) | 0.000 |
Parents’ myopia condition | ||
Neither parent is myopic | 1 | |
One parent is myopic | 1.105(1.075–1.136) | 0.000 |
Both parents are myopic | 1.191(1.151–1.231) | 0.000 |
Frequency of using eyes while lying down or leaning forward | ||
Never | 1 | |
Occasionally | 1.012(0.981–1.043) | 0.460 |
Often | 1.043(1.009–1.077) | 0.012 |
Always | 1.066(1.017–1.118) | 0.008 |
Frequency of using eyes while walking or riding in the car | ||
Never | 1 | |
Occasionally | 1.010(0.979–1.042) | 0.532 |
Often | 1.044(1.009–1.080) | 0.014 |
Always | 1.105(1.062–1.150) | 0.000 |
Frequency of outdoor exercise weekly | ||
< 3 | 1 | |
3–5 | 0.928(0.898–0.958) | 0.000 |
> 5 | 0.927(0.882–0.975) | 0.003 |
Proper posture for reading and writing | ||
No | 1 | |
Yes | 0.959(0.922–0.998) | 0.041 |
Distance from eyes to television screen (meter) | ||
< 3 | 1 | |
≥ 3 | 0.975(0.950–1.001) | 0.057 |
Distance from eyes to computer screen (centimeter) | ||
< 50 | 1 | |
≥ 50 | 0.970(0.945–0.996) | 0.026 |
Screen duration on smart phone and computer daily (hour) | ||
< 1 | 1 | |
1–3 | 1.025(0.996–1.055) | 0.094 |
> 3 | 1.061(1.019–1.104) | 0.004 |
Homework duration daily (hour) | ||
< 1 | 1 | |
1–3 | 1.016(0.987–1.046) | 0.286 |
> 3 | 1.043(1.011–1.077) | 0.008 |
Sleep duration daily (hour) | ||
< 6 | 1 | |
6–8 | 0.921(0.885–0.958) | 0.000 |
> 8 | 0.896(0.860–0.933) | 0.000 |
