Figure 5
From: Early warning signals for bifurcations embedded in high dimensions

Gradient of the neural model’s fold class output (average daily rate of change) between June 15 and July 8 (mean over all years) for measurements of the meridional component of neutral wind at 10 m above the surface of the Earth. The detected onset of dynamic instability occurs most prominently just off the coast to the south and west of the mainland. The east Atlantic marine ITCZ and Guinean coast averaging regions used by Cook30 are labeled for reference.