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Figure 4

From: Insight into antibacterial effect of titanium nanotubular surfaces with focus on Staphylococcus aureus and Pseudomonas aeruginosa

Figure 4

Results of LIVE/DEAD assays and observation of bacterial adhesion and morphology. Upper left: LIVE/DEAD assay of S. aureus (A) and P. aeruginosa (B) on samples with four different surface types (glass slide, unmodified Ti, TNT-118, TNT-73). Results are expressed as percentage of the total image area. Upper right: Percentage of dead cells on four different surfaces after 24 h incubation. Statistically significant differences are indicated as **for p < 0.01 and ****for p < 0.0001. The differences between the nanostructured samples and a glass slide were similar to bare Ti. Lower: A top view observation of bacterial adhesion and morphology of S. aureus (A) and P. aeruginosa (B) on unmodified titanium surface, TNT-118 and TNT-73 using scanning electron microscopy. In the case of P. aeruginosa grown on the TNT-118 sample, cells with odd (abnormal) appearance were observed (yellow arrows).

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