Table 1 Phylogenetic signal in endocranial shape and size with associated p-values for major clades of Euarchontoglires.

From: Endocranial shape variation and allometry in Euarchontoglires

Clade

Phylogenetic Signal

ANOVA

pANOVA

Shape (K-mult)

Shape (p)

Size (K)

Size (p)

R2

Z

p

R2

Z

p

Overall

0.68

0.0001

0.66

0.0001

0.122

3.412

0.0001

0.031

4.192

0.0001

Lagomorpha

0.28

0.0003

1.21

0.0001

0.416

2.50

0.0006

0.082

0.82

0.2119

Platyrrhini

0.80

0.0072

1.59

0.0004

0.181

2.36

0.0062

0.015

-1.05

0.8375

Rodentia

0.50

0.0001

0.70

0.0001

0.071

3.93

0.0002

0.034

2.41

0.0081

Scandentia

0.30

0.0365

0.53

0.0148

0.188

2.85

0.0005

0.251

1.08

0.1460

Strepsirrhini

0.58

0.0001

0.64

0.0191

0.176

3.03

0.0002

0.081

0.94

0.1940

  1. Clade specific Procrustes ANOVA and phylogenetic Procrustes ANOVA (pANOVA) models to assess the amount of endocranial shape variation attributed to size. Under the null hypothesis, size had no significant impact on shape. Significance is determined from resampling permutations (iterations = 10,000). K-mult, phylogenetic signal; p, significance level; R2, coefficient of determination; Z, effect size). K-mult values ≥ 1 indicate that endocranial shape follows a Brownian motion model of evolution and is strongly influenced by phylogeny.
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