Table 6 Four samples outputted by the BAC-CRF and the BAC-GNN-CRF. The case in Gold row is composed of annotated sentence with its corresponding chapter title. The outputs of both models are the predicted sentences without the chapter information.

From: Semantic-enhanced graph neural network for named entity recognition in ancient Chinese books

Case 1

Gold

广顺元年,实录成,[纬]_PER求迁官不得,由是怨望。# 新五代史>卷五十七-杂传第四十五>贾纬 ( In the first year of Guangshun, Wei completed his official service record, but his request for a transfer to a different official position was not granted, leading to feelings of resentment and disappointment.# New History of the Five Dynasties>Volume 57-Miscellaneous Biography 45>Jia Wei )

BAC-CRF

广顺元年,实录成,[纬]_PER求迁官不得,由是怨望。

BAC-GNN-CRF

广顺元年,实录成,[纬]_PER求迁官不得,由是怨望。

Case 2

Gold

[翰林学士]_OFI[徐台符]_PER以为不可,数以非[纬]_PER。# 新五代史>卷五十七-杂传第四十五> 贾纬 ( Xu Taifu, an academician of the Hanlin Academy, believed it was inappropriate and repeatedly pointed out Wei’s mistakes.# New History of the Five Dynasties>Volume 57-Miscellaneous Biography 45>Jia Wei )

BAC-CRF

[翰林学士]_OFI[徐台符]_PER以为不可,数以非[纬]。

BAC-GNN-CRF

[翰林学士]_OFI[徐台符]_PER以为不可,数以非[纬]_PER。

Case 3

Gold

[松]_PER举[进士]_OFI,[后唐]_ORG时,历[刑部郎中]_OFI,[唐]_ORG末,从事方镇。# 新五代史>卷五十七-杂传第四十五>王松 (Song passed the imperial examinations and became a Jinshi. During the Later Tang Dynasty, he once served as a Director in the Ministry of Punishment. By the end of the Tang Dynasty, he held the position of a military commander, guarding a region. # New History of the Five Dynasties>Volume 57-Miscellaneous Biography 45>Wang Song )

BAC-CRF

[松]_PER举[进士]_OFI,后[唐]_ORG时,历[刑部]_ORG[郎中]_OFI,[唐]_ORG末,从事[方镇]_LOC。

BAC-GNN-CRF

[松]_PER举[进士]_OFI,[后唐]_ORG时,历[刑部郎中]_OFI,[唐]_ORG末,从事[方镇]_LOC。

Case 4

Gold

命[中书郎]_OFI[李]_PER 于树下造诏。# 北史>卷五十六-列传第四十四>魏收 (Ordered Li Yin, the secretary of the imperial court, to draft the imperial edict under the tree. # Northern History>Volume 56- Biography 44>Wei Shou)

BAC-CRF

命[中书郎]_OFI [李音]_PER 于树下造诏。

BAC-GNN-CRF

命[中书郎]_OFI[李音]_PER于树下造诏。