Table 1 Statistics of the ten NN and their ensemble for pH and TA, including the Mean Absolute Error (MAE), Mean Square Error (MSE), and Root Mean Square Error (RMSE).

From: Long-term trends of pH, alkalinity, and hydrogen ion concentration in an upwelling-dominated coastal ecosystem: Ría de Vigo, NW Spain

Variable

NN

MAE

MSE

RMSE

r2

pH

1

0.0231

0.0011

0.0326

0.87

2

0.0212

0.0009

0.0300

0.89

3

0.0219

0.0010

0.0310

0.88

4

0.0225

0.0010

0.0321

0.87

5

0.0212

0.0009

0.0304

0.88

6

0.0226

0.0010

0.0318

0.87

7

0.0231

0.0011

0.0331

0.86

8

0.0230

0.0010

0.0322

0.87

9

0.0218

0.0009

0.0301

0.89

10

0.0224

0.0010

0.0310

0.88

Ensemble

0.0189

0.0007

0.0272

0.91

[\(\hbox {H}^+\)]

Ensemble

0.399

0.346

0.588

0.91

TA

1

7.3

133.2

11.5

0.96

2

7.2

134.6

11.6

0.96

3

7.3

145.0

12.0

0.96

4

7.2

140.5

11.9

0.97

5

7.2

168.0

13.0

0.95

6

7.4

139.8

11.8

0.96

7

6.9

125.9

11.2

0.96

8

7.5

133.3

11.6

0.96

9

7.8

158.6

12.6

0.96

10

7.1

125.6

11.2

0.96

Ensemble

6.3

112.6

10.6

0.97

  1. Additionally, the table displays the [\(\hbox {H}^+\)] statistics derived from the pH ensemble results.