Table 1 The baseline characteristics of participants.

From: Examination of nonlinear associations between pulse pressure index and incident prediabetes susceptibility: a 5-year retrospective cohort investigation

Characteristic

Q1, N = 45,965

Q2, N = 45,823

Q3, N = 45,857

Q4, N = 45,872

P value

Age (years)

39 (33, 48)

38 (32, 47)

37 (32, 47)

36 (31, 50)

< 0.001

Gender

    

< 0.001

 Male

24,507 (53%)

23,875 (52%)

23,871 (52%)

25,090 (55%)

 

 Female

21,458 (47%)

21,948 (48%)

21,986 (48%)

20,782 (45%)

 

BMI (kg/m2)

22.8 (20.5, 25.2)

22.7 (20.5, 25.0)

22.5 (20.5, 24.8)

22.9 (20.8, 25.1)

< 0.001

SBP (mmHg)

111 (103, 122)

115 (105, 125)

116 (106, 127)

124 (113, 135)

< 0.001

DBP (mmHg)

79 (72, 87)

74 (68, 81)

70 (65, 77)

68 (62, 74)

< 0.001

PPI (%)

30 (27.36, 31.71)

35.34 (34.26, 36.43)

39.47 (38.46, 40.52)

44.37 (42.74, 47.18)

< 0.001

FPG (mmol/L)

4.80 (4.41, 5.10)

4.80 (4.45, 5.10)

4.82 (4.49, 5.12)

4.87 (4.54, 5.16)

< 0.001

TC (mmol/L)

4.62 (4.09, 5.22)

4.60 (4.06, 5.18)

4.56 (4.01, 5.15)

4.56 (4.01, 5.17)

< 0.001

TG (mmol/L)

1.07 (0.73, 1.63)

1.03 (0.71, 1.55)

1.00 (0.70, 1.49)

1.01 (0.70, 1.50)

< 0.001

QHDL

    

< 0.001

 Not recorded

20,378 (44%)

20,551 (45%)

20,961 (46%)

21,165 (46%)

 

 Low

9070 (20%)

8429 (18%)

8139 (18%)

7848 (17%)

 

 Medium

8309 (18%)

8423 (18%)

8367 (18%)

8388 (18%)

 

 High

8208 (18%)

8420 (18%)

8390 (18%)

8471 (18%)

 

QLDL

    

< 0.001

 Not recorded

20,255 (44%)

20,462 (45%)

20,853 (45%)

20,989 (46%)

 

 Low

8258 (18%)

8348 (18%)

8648 (19%)

8401 (18%)

 

 Medium

8555 (19%)

8600 (19%)

8295 (18%)

8202 (18%)

 

 High

8897 (19%)

8413 (18%)

8061 (18%)

8280 (18%)

 

ALT, U/L

18 (13, 28)

17 (12, 27)

17 (12, 26)

18 (13, 26)

< 0.001

QAST

    

< 0.001

 Not recorded

27,285 (59%)

27,153 (59%)

26,775 (58%)

26,083 (57%)

 

 Low

5965 (13%)

6357 (14%)

6720 (15%)

6366 (14%)

 

 Medium

6245 (14%)

6174 (13%)

6372 (14%)

6618 (14%)

 

 High

6470 (14%)

6139 (13%)

5990 (13%)

6805 (15%)

 

BUN (mmol/L)

4.48 (3.78, 5.29)

4.47 (3.75, 5.29)

4.49 (3.77, 5.30)

4.56 (3.82, 5.40)

< 0.001

Scr (μmol/L)

69 (57, 80)

68 (57, 80)

68 (57, 80)

70 (58, 81)

< 0.001

Smoking

    

< 0.001

 Not recorded

32,495 (71%)

33,281 (73%)

33,360 (73%)

33,540 (73%)

 

 Current

2746 (6.0%)

2487 (5.4%)

2297 (5.0%)

2107 (4.6%)

 

 Ever

553 (1.2%)

516 (1.1%)

507 (1.1%)

528 (1.2%)

 

 Never

10,171 (22%)

9539 (21%)

9693 (21%)

9697 (21%)

 

Drinking

    

< 0.001

 Not recorded

32,495 (71%)

33,281 (73%)

33,360 (73%)

33,540 (73%)

 

 Current

269 (0.6%)

273 (0.6%)

237 (0.5%)

205 (0.4%)

 

 Ever

1851 (4.0%)

1796 (3.9%)

1857 (4.0%)

1847 (4.0%)

 

 Never

11,350 (25%)

10,473 (23%)

10,403 (23%)

10,280 (22%)

 

Family history of diabetes

1015 (2.2%)

945 (2.1%)

902 (2.0%)

772 (1.7%)

< 0.001

  1. SBP systolic blood pressure, DBP diastolic blood pressure, BMI body mass index, ALT alanine aminotransferase, AST aspartate aminotransferase, HDL-C high-density lipoprotein cholesterol, LDL-C low-density lipoprotein cholesterol, TC total cholesterol, TG triglycerides, Scr serum creatinine, BUN blood urea nitrogen, FPG fasting plasma glucose, PPI pulse pressure index.
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