Figure 1

Schematic presentation of the EV isolation steps, and SEC fractions collected during purification. Transmission electron microscopy images of (B) Fraction B including EVs and (C) Fraction D including vesicle-free proteins. (D) Scatter plot of urinary EV numbers normalised to total creatinine content of sample (µmol). Dogs with UTI and UC had significantly higher numbers of urinary EV compared to dogs in the HC group: there was no significant difference between UC and UTI groups. *p < 0.05.