Figure 2 | Scientific Reports

Figure 2

From: The microbial metabolite p-cresol compromises the vascular barrier and induces endothelial cytotoxicity and inflammation in a 3D human vessel-on-a-chip

Figure 2

EC vessel permeability after 72 h of p-cresol (PC) treatment. Vessels were stimulated with either vehicle (Veh), 200 µM, or 400 µM of PC for 72 h before vascular permeability was determined. (A) Representative time-lapse images at 30 min of 70 kDa FITC-dextran and (B) apparent permeability (Papp) of 70 kDa dextran. (C) Representative time-lapse images at 30 min of 10 kDa FITC-dextran and (D) apparent permeability (Papp) of 10 kDa dextran. Magnification: 4X; scale bar: 500 μm. Data are mean ± SEM, n = 9–20. One-way ANOVA multiple comparisons were used for Papp; *p < 0.05 versus cell-free, #p < 0.05 versus Veh.

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