Table 1 Comparison of different electrochemical sensors for Cd2+ determination.

From: In situ deposition of bismuth on pre-anodized screen-printed electrode for sensitive determination of Cd2+ in water and rice with a portable device

Electrode type

Electrode modification

Linear range (μg/L)

LOD (μg/L)

Instrument

Ref.

Carbon

BOCa

10–50

3.97

Commercial

37

Screen-printed gold electrode

Nafion-Bib

50–300

4

Commercial

38

Carbon

AgNP/Graphene/Nafionc

25–250

25

Commercial

39

SPCE

Bismuth film

11.5–72.4

3.4

Commercial

40

SPCE

rGO/SMOF/PEId

56.3–1406.3

33.3

POCT

41

GC-SPEe

Bismuth film

7.5–200

0.46

Commercial

42

NC-BBDf

Bismuth film

0–280

0.24

Commercial

43

SPE

Bismuth oxide

5–150

2.5

Commercial

44

SPE

Bismuth film

0–50

1.3

Commercial

45

SPCE

Bi PASPCE (+NaBr)

1–100

0.15

Commercial

This work

SPCE

Bi PASPCE (+NaBr)

5–100

3.55

POCT

This work

  1. aBOC: Bismuth oxycarbide/nafion.
  2. bNafion-Bi: in situ modification of bismuth and nafion.
  3. cAgNP: silver nanoparticles.
  4. drGO/SMOF/PEI: graphene oxide/SMOF (composited by single wall carbon nanotube and UiO-66-NH2 MOF)/polyethyleneimine.
  5. eGC-SPE: glassy carbon microparticle stencil printed electrode.
  6. fNC-BBD: nitrogen rich porous carbon/boron doped diamond composite electrode.
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