Table 1 Effect of ZnO-NPs and TiO2-NPs on gas exchange parameters of Brassica napus L. grown under lead contaminated soil.

From: Nutrient strengthening and lead alleviation in Brassica Napus L. by foliar ZnO and TiO2-NPs modulating antioxidant system, improving photosynthetic efficiency and reducing lead uptake

Treatment

Photosynthetic rate

(µ mol CO2 m−2 s−1)

Transpiration rate

(mol H2O m−2 s−1)

Water use efficiency

(%)

Stomatal conductance

(mol m−2 s−1)

NPs 0 (mg/L)

5.42 ± 0.31d

0.909 ± 0.040d

60.48 ± 5.13e

0.0106 ± 0.0011c

ZnO-NPs 25 (mg/L)

6.74 ± 0.65 cd

1.214 ± 0.78c

109.27 ± 10.5 cd

0.0255 ± 0.0012bc

TiO2-NPs 25 (mg/L)

7.46 ± 0.79bc

1.394 ± 0.149bc

114.21 ± 10.83c

0.0266 ± 0.0037b

ZnO-NPs 50 (mg/L)

8.14 ± 1.15abc

1.486 ± 0.019bc

118.43 ± 28.01bc

0.0383 ± 0.0210ab

TiO2 -NPs 50 (mg/L)

9.25 ± 1.01bc

1.595 ± 0.159ab

121.28 ± 25.77b

0.0393 ± 0.0064ab

ZnO-NPs 100 (mg/L)

10.31 ± 0.94ab

1.788 ± 0.056a

125.24 ± 28.41ab

0.0404 ± 0.0010a

TiO2 -NPs 100 (mg/L)

10.76 ± 2.26a

1.812 ± 0.0174a

128.0 ± 16.08a

0.0411 ± 0.0009a

  1. Values are the means ± SD (n = 3). Different letters indicate significant differences among treatments at p ≤ 0.05.
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