Table 8 Optimal time series and uniform spacing optimized using NPSOWM, DO, and CENDO algorithms.

From: Sidelobes and sideband minimization in time-modulated array antenna based on chaotic exchange nonlinear dandelion optimization algorithm

Algorithms

Optimal time series (ton and toff)

optimal uniform spacing (d)

NPSOWM

ton

0.92

0.00

0.69

0.00

0.31

0.00

0.00

0.20

0.18

0.00

0.00

0.34

0.00

0.71

0.00

0.94

0.8692λ

toff

1.00

1.00

0.85

0.92

0.60

0.81

0.42

0.90

0.90

0.39

0.85

0.60

0.94

0.85

1.00

1.00

DO

ton

0.07

0.00

0.02

0.03

0.24

0.13

0.32

0.23

0.03

0.06

0.01

0.64

0.04

0.09

0.00

0.07

0.8876λ

toff

0.08

1.00

0.17

1.00

0.50

1.00

0.75

0.96

0.75

0.48

0.82

0.96

1.00

0.30

1.00

0.17

CENDO

ton

0.79

0.01

0.01

0.02

0.47

0.01

0.45

0.13

0.01

0.62

0.02

0.46

0.02

0.00

0.00

0.00

0.8888λ

toff

0.95

1.00

0.18

0.92

0.83

0.87

1.00

0.72

0.79

0.98

0.90

0.74

1.00

0.12

1.00

0.06

  1. Significant values are in [bold].