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Figure 1

From: Analysis of bigmouth buffalo Ictiobus cyprinellus spawning phenology in Minnesota reveals 50-year recruitment failure and conservation concern

Figure 1

Rice River and Rice Lake National Wildlife Refuge (RLNWR), Minnesota. (a) Detailed view of RLNWR, the Rice River (a 92 km tributary of the Mississippi River), and the bigmouth buffalo Ictiobus cyprinellus spawning site of Rice Lake in east central Minnesota. (b) Aerial image of the lakeside water control structure (see “Methods”), located 1.7 river km downstream of Rice Lake, where the channel is < 6 m wide. (c) Downstream image from the lakeside water control structure showing aggregations of bigmouth buffalo moving upstream on 6 May 2013. Image (c) is approximated by the white box in b in the direction indicated by the arrow. (d) Two large (> 9 kg) bigmouth buffalo harvested during May 1994 by spearing from the lakeside water control structure. The bigmouth buffalo were harvested while swimming upstream towards Rice Lake on their way to spawn. We retrieved map information from Google Maps (retrieved February 2024) and organized its layout using Adobe Inc. software including Adobe Illustrator (Creative Cloud version; https://www.adobe.com).

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